Money Growth Rule :: essays research papers

Cash Growth Rule The Money Growth Rule depends on a hypothesis initially set out by Milton Friedman as an answer for keep the United States economy on a controlled course of development. The thoery rotates around the reason that the best financial approach that the Federal Reserve can follow is to build up a consistent development pace of the cash gracefully autonomous of current monetary variances. The thinking is that as the economy encounters changes in relative yield, the cash flexibly can have sensational impacts upon the economy. Furthermore, by setting up a cash development rule, Friedman accepted this would dispense with the chance of short-run blunder and, at long last, be increasingly useful for the economy. The issue with adjusting an economy is that human judgment and assessment of financial circumstances go into the condition. Setting up a consistent development level in the cash gracefully would dispense with the dynamic procedure of the national investor. The issue with human mediation is the short-sided nature of a considerable lot of the approaches intended to help the economy. Such mediations, which yields unintended negative outcomes, is the consequence of the time irregularity issue. This issue is comprehended through circumstances during which national financiers direct money related strategy in an optional manner and seek after expansionary strategies that are appealing in the short-run, yet lead to negative since quite a while ago run results. Friedman accepts that by leaving cash development choices to an individual, the outcomes are poor since quite a while ago run administration and in the long run high swelling rates, a conspicuous hindrance to the economy. The possibility of the cash development rule is dependent upon the connection between the cash flexibly and swelling. Subsequently, the inquiry emerges whether there even is a connection between cash flexibly and swelling. As expressed before, one can see a connection among cash and swelling. Introduced above is arrangement information that shows this connection between cash flexibly and the expansion rate over the earlier decades. The issue is that there are variances inside the information and in this way a more extensive meaning of the cash gracefully should be used. In view of the exploration of Dr. Terry J. Fitzgerald, a business analyst at the Cleveland Federal Reserve Bank, on the off chance that one characterizes cash flexibly as M2, while looking at the information over a numerous year movement, an example starts to introduce itself. Further, by charting the contrast between balanced cash development and expansion, the connection gets obvious. These diagrams show the weight that changes to the cash gracefully can have upon an economy’s expansion rate.

Abstract Paragraph Essay Example For Students

Dynamic Paragraph Essay Alzheimers illness had not been found as of not long ago. Very little is thought about this infection, and today numerous individuals are influenced by it. It unquestionably is a social issue in the United States today. In the accompanying paper I would like to give understanding with regards to what is thought about the sickness. Who is influenced by it, and what should be possible to battle this horrendous thing that just is by all accounts deteriorating. Survey of SourcesWebster 1989Brooks 1987Worsnop 1992Caroll 1982Wuethrich 1990Nichols 1990Alzheimers Disease With the disclosure of Alzheimers illness not exactly extremely old, insufficient data is accessible to make a fix, or to make simple forecasts regarding who will get the malady and when. Alzheimers malady patients should be organized for legitimate consideration once the sickness arrives at a specific point where the patient turns into a peril to themselves as well as other people. Alzheimers ailment is a degenerative illness of the focal sensory system described by untimely decrepit mental crumbling (Webster 89). It is likewise portrayed as an illness that decimates the very center of ones being. It causes memory misfortune, bewilderment, and character changes. The human cerebrum needs certain synthetic compounds to transmit and get messages between neurons (synapses). An Alzheimer mind needs adequate synthetic compounds for ordinary correspondence among neurons in the long r un making the neuron itself fall apart beyond words. This happens just in the zones of the cerebrum associated with memory, discourse and character. (Creeks 87)Although there are some known instances of Alzheimers sickness found in people as youthful as twenty, most of casualties are past the 6th decade of life. It is evaluated that somewhere in the range of five and 10% of all casualties will get the illness in their mid-sixties. 20% will get it in their seventies and 40% in their eighties (Brooks 87). Indications of Alzheimers Disease were first analyzed in 1906 by a German neuropathologist named Alois Alzheimer. It was not until the mid 1970s that the American open became mindful that Alzheimers is a turmoil, not a characteristic piece of the maturing procedure (Worsnop 92). The transcendent side effects are slow expanding loss of memory. There are sixteen utilitarian stages and sub stages prompting the most extreme dementia as per Dr. Barry Reisberg of the New York University of Medicine. The stages are in this specific request, (1) diminished capacity to deal with an intricate activity (2) diminished capacity to deal with such complex exercises of an every day life as (3) overseeing funds (4) complex feast planning and (5) complex promoting abilities. At that point comes (6) loss of capacity to choose apparel appropriately, (7) or to get into dress appropriately, trailed by (8) loss of capacity to deal with the mechanics of washing appropriately. At that point (9) dynamic troubles with self-restraint and (10) toileting happen, trailed by (11) restricted discourse capacity and (12) failure to talk in excess of a solitary word. Next comes (13) loss of wandering limit. Last to go, are such essential capacities as the capacity to (14) sit up, (15) to grin, and (16) to hold up ones head (Wo!rsnop 92). Each Alzheimer patient will be influenced in various manners. The more neurons lost, the more ones mental capacities dissolve. Numerous individuals are extremely startled of Alzheimers Disease to the point of suspicion. They make presumptions that a little neglect implies that somebody has been beset by Alzheimers infection. There is possibly requirement for concern when the distraction speaks to bizarre or strange degrees of overlooking: Possible threat indications of Alzheimers malady could be:An failure to perform recognizable undertakings Trouble sorting out and sequencing natural data, for example, realizing where something goes Changes in constant conduct patternsGradual memory lossSudden emotional absence of social inhibitionDiminution of reason and critical thinking capacities and powerlessness to adjust to straightforward changes (Caroll 82)No one truly comprehends what causes this deplorable ailment, however there are a couple of speculations. One such hypothesis is one brought into the world with an inclination toward the infection. A specific atomic rendition of a protein called apolopoprotein is said to have some pertinence in the reason for Alzheimers. There are three unique types of apolopoproteins. One such is called apolopoprotein-4 and is found in bounty in the minds of autopsied Alzheimers patients. An individual is brought into the world with zero to two duplicates of this protein. The more duplicates one has, the higher the danger of getting the ailment (Wuethrich 90). .ud276cc723455d91e370c79264aa3a96e , .ud276cc723455d91e370c79264aa3a96e .postImageUrl , .ud276cc723455d91e370c79264aa3a96e .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ud276cc723455d91e370c79264aa3a96e , .ud276cc723455d91e370c79264aa3a96e:hover , .ud276cc723455d91e370c79264aa3a96e:visited , .ud276cc723455d91e370c79264aa3a96e:active { border:0!important; } .ud276cc723455d91e370c79264aa3a96e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ud276cc723455d91e370c79264aa3a96e { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ud276cc723455d91e370c79264aa3a96e:active , .ud276cc723455d91e370c79264aa3a96e:hover { obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ud276cc723455d91e370c79264aa3a96e .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud276cc723455d91e370c79264aa3a96e .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .ud276cc723455d91e370c79264aa3a96e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ud276cc723455d91e370c79264aa3a96e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud276cc723455d91e370c79264aa3a96e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ud276cc723455d91 e370c79264aa3a96e .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ud276cc723455d91e370c79264aa3a96e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ud276cc723455d91e370c79264aa3a96e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Glass Menagerie - Symbolism of the unicorn EssayAnother hypothesis is that Alzheimers Disease is connected to aluminum. Shockingly significant levels of aluminum turn up in the minds of Alzheimers casualties. Dr. Barry Thomas drove an Australian examination demonstrating aluminum in water was collected in the cerebrums of rodents. Aluminum, which is utilized to refine water, can be consumed by the body. With respect to whether it really causes memory misfortune and mind harm there is no indisputable proof, however we dread it may, expressed Thomas. The partner teacher at University of Toronto, Theo Kruck. Kruck stated, aluminum is an exceptionally harmful substance in your cerebrum (Nichols 90). There are no known fixes to Alzheimers Disease, however there is one treatment that has been endorsed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. It is a medication called Cognex which forestalls decimation of one of the synapses in the cerebrum. This eases back the loss of memory. The main drawback to this treatment is it is just powerful on 20% of Alzheimers patients and it doesn't invert the impacts of Alzheimers; it basically eases back the decay. When the manifestations are available very little should be possible by anybody to switch them. Nutrients C and E go about as cancer prevention agents. These are being tried, they might have the option to utilize nutrients to stop weakening of neurons. Some propose that individuals who take these have lower chance on getting Alzheimers malady. Since very little of anything should be possible once Alzheimers side effects show up, individuals think about what should be possible to keep ones self from turning into a casualty. As per Alicia B rooks of People Magazine, individuals with more significant levels of instruction are more averse to show side effects. The hypothesis is the more you learn, the more you invigorate the mind, making increasingly complex neurons. In this manner, when the synapses start to decline or are pulverized progressively dynamic synapses would be for possible later use to approach. Power yourself to think carefully, she says. There is no genuine analysis for Alzheimers Disease. The best way to see whether an individual really has Alzheimers Disease is by mind biopsy. What specialists as a rule do to see whether a patient has the ailment is to preclude every other chance. The accompanying ailments must be precluded before one can be called an Alzheimers understanding. Multi-infarct dementia (MID)Parkinsons DiseaseHuntingtons DiseaseSpinocerrabellar degenerationAmyotrophic parallel sclerosisRare nerve maladies (Kuru, Picks, Wilsons, Creutzfeld Jacobs)As innovation advances in the U.S. life span is additionally on the ascent. The level of American more than eighty-five years of age has multiplied in the he recent years. An expected four - million Americans are moved by this ailment and one-hundred-thousand kick the bucket structure it yearly. Home consideration and expert consideration are both pricey and money related help is amazingly restricted yet there are a few projects contrived to make fractional alleviation. Two such projects are Medicare and Medicaid. At the point when a gifted attendant is required to help a patient at home Medicare will get the check for the initial twenty days. Furthermore it will pay a part of the bill for the up and coming eighty days. W

What is Jury Duty Learn About Leave, Pay, and More

What is Jury Duty Learn About Leave, Pay, and More You have probably watched a movie or TV show regarding some trial or the involvement of the courtroom.There you have probably noticed some people sitting on the sides of the room itself.As the trial goes on, the evidence is presented and after a while Judge asks those same people what is their final verdict.They give one and the judge either agrees or adds his own voice to correct it.If you are from Europe, this justice system is probably familiar to you only from this type of movies, since this represents the justice system used mostly in the USA, which functions on a different basis than its European counterpart.In this text, we will go over the basics of what the jury duty is, who can be elected as a member of a jury and how does jury duty affect people who are already employed.WHAT IS JURY DUTY?A jury is a group of people selected by the state to listen to the trial and give their final verdict of whether the accused is guilty or not.It is a great responsibility to be a member of the jury because in some cases their decision can make a huge impact on someone’s life.Whether we talk about guilty or innocent people, it is not an easy decision to make, and that is why not everyone can be part of the jury.There are several types of the jury, so let us get into it.1. Petit or Small JuryThis is the most common type of jury that you had probably heard of before.Usually, it consists of 12 members and their main responsibility is to listen to the lawyers and witnesses of both the defendant and the accuser and take all the evidence into account.After that is done, the judge will call for a rest so the jury can debate and make a decision.During that rest time, jury members need to decide and agree among themselves if the defendant is guilty or not guilty.Their decision can be both unanimous or only the majority of votes are needed, depending on the type of the trial.In most criminal trials, their decision has to be unanimous, which means that all 12 members of the ju ry have to agree about the same decision.In case they cannot agree on a verdict, then it is called the hung jury.2. Grand JuryNowadays the Grand jury usually exists mostly in Federal courts and it is used to examine all the evidence for criminal trials and deciding if there is enough of it to push the trial forward. It is usually larger than Petit jury.The important thing is that this type of jury can work without knowledge of the accused.It is also used to examine some evidence prior to someone’s arrest and to determine whether that evidence is sufficient to make an arrest.3. Coroner’s JuryAs you probably already know, coroners are state officials whose job is to determine the cause of death whenever a suspicious death happens or whenever they are asked to do it by the police or federal institutions.Coroners can ask the court to assemble the Coroner’s jury, which is used to boost the public confidence in the evidence submitted by the coroner.This usually happens in high profi le cases, like the murder of police officers.WHO CAN BE SELECTED FOR JURY DUTY?Serving as a juror is considered as a great honor in the United States.But, as we had already mentioned, not everyone can be selected to perform jury duty.There are several rules and factors which state officials consider when they perform the choosing process.So let us go over it and see who can be selected for jury duty, shall we?There are slight differences between different states, but these are the general requirements needed in every state.Only people over 18 years old qualify for a position of a juror;Only registered residents of a state can perform jury duty;A person can perform jury duty only in its place of residence, which means in the state they live;Their English proficiency should be high enough to fill in needed forms;Previously convicted people cannot be part of the jury;A person needs to be both mentally and physically able to perform the jury duty.Now, when you see the second point on th is list, you may ask why do you often see US immigrants as members of a jury?Well, it is quite simple.Most of them do have a driver’s license, hence they are being viewed as registered residents.However, they can evade being selected by proving that they are not in fact registered, by showing their immigration documentation, passport or just their green card.All of these rules may seem quite strict, but there are valid reasons why it is done this way.This short video explains what are the main qualifications needed for a juror and how the members of the jury are selected. IS IT POSSIBLE TO AVOID JURY DUTY?Being a jury is a great honor for every citizen, but it also comes with a risk.There are stories of some jury members whose family lives were threatened by the third party in order to influence their vote.Although those are mostly stories, we all know that most stories are based on true events.This alone can induce fear into some people so they would try to avoid their jury duty. Once selected for jury duty, it is not recommended to try to avoid it, because it is punishable by law.Once selected, you must show up on a trial, otherwise, you may face not just financial, but also jail punishment in the most severe cases.Fines for avoiding jury duty varies from city to city, from state to state. They usually go from $200 up to $2.000.The other way to punish people is to give them negative points.For example, if you have avoided jury duty and sometimes in the future you get pulled up for speeding, you would not just get speeding ticket, but you might be sent to jail for avoiding jury duty too.So it is not recommended to avoid jury duty, unless absolutely necessary.Of course, the state does have an understanding if the person really cannot come to the trial, because of harsh living conditions or indisposed family relative.In that case, those people are not obligated to come.Another way of avoiding the jury duty is by deferring.You can send a mail where you state yo ur reasons for which you cannot show up at the trial and suggest a date on which you would be able to come.EMPLOYED JURORSWhen it comes to the people who have their own jobs, what do you think happens when they are called to join the jury? Do they get free days and do their employers have right not to pay them for that day or days in some cases?This situation can cause some stress among both employers and employees because one needs his employees to do the required work and latter needs to work to get some money.Luckily, the law clearly defines all these things.It is stated that if employees are called to perform their jury duty, the employer must give them a day off.In that case, the employee would be able to go to the court and there, apart from performing their duties, one of the two things could happen.First is that sometimes jury members get dismissed early, which means that jurors would be free during the day. In that case, they could go back to work if it is possible.Another thing is that sometimes, there are very difficult and long cases, so the jury has to come to the multiple court sessions, which is, of course, not so popular thing among employers, because some trials could last for months.WHAT DOES JURY DUTY LEAVE MEAN?When employees are called to do their jury duty, they usually get a leave of absence from the work, so they could perform their civic duty and attend the court.That leave of absence is called Jury duty leave and it can be both paid and unpaid, depending on the length of the process.The law states that every employer has to allow his employees to do their jury duty, otherwise employer himself could get punished.Sometimes that could be a problem, especially in those months, which are very important for the company’s business.In that case, the employer is allowed to write a complaint and send it to the court, and the court would then decide if that complaint is valid and, if needed, release the employees of their jury duty until they are free to do it.DOES EMPLOYEE GET PAID?As already mentioned above, jury duty leave can be paid and unpaid.The only common thing is that employers are forced to give time off the work to any employee who is invited to do jury duty.As court trials can take a long time, it wouldn’t be fair to ask employers to keep paying their employees for such a long time even if they are in no ability to work full hours because of their jury duty.That is why law defines rates and conditions for both employers and employees.These laws are not universal for each state, which means they vary from one state to another.Laws in some states have policies that clearly define the amount of paid days employee could get for performing jury duty.If that limit is crossed, then the state itself pays a certain amount of money to the jury members, depending on different factors, like their own salaries.All of this depends on the state itself because different states have different laws.States usually leave mana ging this up to the companies, so they have to make valid policies on jury duty.When doing this, they need to take into the account what the laws in that state say, whether it is mandatory for employers to pay the full amount or whether the state pays some percentage of the amount needed.That amount varies from state to state, but it is usually the number of money employees would have earned if they had been working instead of being on jury duty. In some states, the law clearly says that employer must cover those expenses and that employers are not allowed to reduce that amount. It also depends on the actual type of work.People who work for the government institutions and those who work in a private sector have different types of employers, thus, the law defines slightly different actions for those groups.We will present some of the results of the study conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).Government EmployeesThe results show that out of all people who are employed in a state government sector, around 92% of those people get their payment for jury duty leave, which is a really astonishing number.It is a slightly different situation for people who are employed in a local government sector. Around 88% of them get their payment for jury duty leave.As for the people who work for the Federal government, all of them get their normal salaries even during jury duty leave, which is understandable, since they are working for the highest level of the government.Private Sector EmployeesWhen we talk about the employees who work in the private sector, the situation is not so good as it is in the government sector.The situation there is that only 68% of the employees get their payment for jury duty leave.This number varies and it is not fixed for all jobs in the private sector.It mostly depends on the job itself, whether it is highly paid or not.The title is also very important, which means that important people who are doing some jobs that are considered presti gious, probably get paid for their jury duty leave.On the other side, there are jobs that are classified lower on the list, so on those jobs, there is a higher chance of people not getting paid for their jury duty leave.WHAT EMPLOYERS CAN AND CANT DO?Having to pay for jury duty leave for your employees can be frustrating, especially during the peak months of the business season, when the employers tend to earn the most money.But, it is something that must be done, because the laws clearly state it and rejecting it could potentially mean financial punishment.So let us explore what employers can and cannot do in this situation.FORBIDDEN FRUITWhen their employees get an invitation to join jury duty, employers are put in a difficult position, because they usually have to allow paid jury duty leave to the employee in question, which is just one more expense for the company itself.But, since it is defined by law, it is something which has to be done, whether employers like it or not.There are two things employers are definitely not allowed to do in this situation.Employers are not allowed to fire the employees because they got invited to join the jury â€" since jury duty is a mandatory civic duty, by terminating the employment contract, employers would break not just moral codex of the nation, but also the law itself, set by the constitution.Employers are not allowed to exploit and threaten their employees â€" the situation is the same as with the previous Mandatory civic duties must be performed, so if employees feel threatened and feel like their job is in jeopardy, they can with all rights sue their employer.EMPLOYERS OBLIGATIONSAs the Federal law states that employers do not have to give full salary to the employees whose jury duty leave is longer than it is stated in the jury duty policy, they still need to do something, which is very important for both employee and the company itself.By following these simple obligations, employers can make good jury duty leav e policy, which doesn’t have to hurt the company too much.Employers are obligated to allow leave of absence to employees who are called to perform their jury duty â€" As we have already mentioned, this is not up to debate. The law clearly states that it must be done, so every employer has to accept it. They need to let the employees perform their duties for as long as it is needed.Employers are obligated to keep paying the employee’s insurance â€" It is mandatory to do it during the period they are out on jury Apart from insurance, some other benefits are included too.Employers are obligated to reinstate the employees to their old position â€" In case that court process takes longer, employers usually tend to find some replacement until their employee is back from the jury duty. But after employees are back, then need to be reinstated to the position they had before without losing any benefits.By following these simple rules, the person who is in charge of making jury duty leave policy for the company can create a good policy, which would allow that jury duty has really minimal impact on the way company is conducting business.It would benefit both the company and the employees, since they will feel much safer, knowing that their company is responsible and that it is willing to protect its employees.That way, they would accept their jury duty invitation with more ease and would be able to clear their heads and focus on what is really important when it comes to the jury duty, since members of a jury are not there to hang around, but to do serious things, because each and every decision they make could affect the lives of every person who is standing in front of them in that courtroom.That is why it is important for them to keep their heads cool and focus on evidence that lawyers present and testimonies witnesses make, so they could make a rational decision, that would be very satisfying to everyone.More importantly, that rational decision should not just be satisfying, but should also be right.Putting the right criminal behind bars or saving the innocent person from the claws of prison. Those are two very different things.WHAT DO I HAVE TO DO AS A JUROR?Since we went over the whole process of getting to the jury seat, now it is the time to tell you what would you have to do if you get there yourself.The first step is to take an oath. Same as with everyone else who comes to the court to testify, members of the jury have to take an oath as well.Of course, they swear that they will consider all the evidence presented to them by attorneys, that they will follow all instructions given by the judge and that they will eventually reach a verdict that is both right and fair towards everyone present.Next important thing to remember is that members of a jury are not allowed to talk about the case to anyone while the trial is in progress.Not even amongst themselves.Apart from that, they should avoid reading about the case they are on since negativ e propaganda could cloud their judgment regarding the verdict.Following that, members of the jury are not allowed to make assumptions about the case and can only use the evidence presented to them in order to reach the final verdict.All outside factors are not to be considered.FINAL WORDNow that we have presented everything you need to know if you get jury duty invitation yourself, you are ready to do your duty as a member of a jury.Remember all those rules and you will not have problems doing it.In fact, you might find out that you quite enjoy being a member of a jury.

Evaluation Of The Seaboard Foods Load Out Certification...

Load Out Training Welcome to the Process portion of the Seaboard Foods Load Out Certification Program. Today you will be learning the proper techniques for load out, staging, and the transport of market hogs. When the crew arrives at the finisher barn two things are important: staying aware of what is going on and clear communication. Before guiding the chute to the stoop, know all of the proper hand signals. Uniform communication reduces risk for injury or mistakes It is important that the edge of the chute lines up with the stoop to prevent a gap. When removing the chute from the hitch, it is important not to quickly let go of the chute and allow it to fall. Using your body weight allows it to slowly drop. Before unhitching the†¦show more content†¦Notify your supervisor immediately if there are any signs of unusually colored feed. NOTIFY SUPERVISOR IMMEDIATELY! It is beneficial to equalize the temperature between the outside and inside. By adjusting the curtains it prevents animals from balking due to the drastic change in temperature once they approach the threshold. Remember: it is the Crew Leader’s responsibility to make sure that the barn’s curtains are returned to the automatic setting before leaving the barn. Before moving any animals, make sure that all things on this check list have been completed. Before beginning to back the trailer to the load out chute, make sure that all crew members and people are clear of the path between trailer and chute. Proper hand signals and paying attention are key to backing the market trailer to the chute. Stop the market driver about four feet from the chute so you can raise and secure the trailer’s roll gate. Secure the roll gate’s rope to the tie off on the trailer, and continue the back up process. Allow a few inches between the trailer and chute so the chute sits down into the trailer’s opening once you have lowered the chute down. Secure the chute extensions on both sides to the market trailer. The doors of the chute must extend into the inside of the trailer. Spread bags of wood chips evenly on the chute and both decks of the market trailer. It blends the surfaces of the chute and trailer together so the hog doesn’t recognize the transition.

China-Taiwan Relations in Terms of One China and the...

INTRODUCTION This term paper focuses on China-Taiwan relations in terms of One China policy and the Taiwan question. The paper will first provide an overview of the historical background of Beijing-Taipei relations and its ties with the United States. After, we will discuss One China policy and its different interpretations. From an international relations perspective, the Taiwan Strait, one of the most likely conflict zones in the Asia-Pacific region, has been dubbed the â€Å"Balkan Peninsula of the East.† The status of Taiwan has been one of the most intricate issues in international relations arena for the past decades. The Taiwan question is essentially an extension of the â€Å"two Chinas† problem, which creates a dilemma for accommodating†¦show more content†¦Its multi-dimensional character makes it much more subtle and complex to deal with than normal foreign policy issues (Xu Xin, 2001). DISCUSSION Beijing’s One China version, stating that Taiwan is part of the PRC, has never been accepted by foreign states. While foreign governments recognize the PRC as the legal government of China, they almost uniformly disagree with the PRC’s territorial claim over Taiwan. That is why, in their respective the US and the UK simply â€Å"acknowledge,† Canada â€Å"takes note of,† and Japan â€Å"understands and respects† the PRC’s position that Taiwan is part of China.11 These carefully chosen terms, used instead of the word, â€Å"recognize,† as well as negotiations history, directly refute the RPC’s claim of an â€Å"international consensus† that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China. These foreign countries’ positions also imply that the ROC’s loss of recognition does not extinguish its statehood (Hsieh, P., 2009). After the conclusion of the San Francisco Peace Treaty between Japan and the allied powers in 1951, Japan and the ROC signed the Treaty of Taipei. Under these treaties, Japan confirmed that it renounced its claim to sovereignty over Taiwan. Consequently, it is not disputed that from October 1945 to 1949, both mainland China and Taiwan belong to one nation: ROC. Even if we assume that the San Francisco Peace Treaty is not able to decide the status of Taiwan, it cannot be ignoredShow MoreRelatedThe China-Taiwan Relations in Terms of The One China Policy961 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction This term paper focuses on China-Taiwan relations in terms of One China policy and the Taiwan question. The paper will provide an overview of the historical background of Beijing-Taipei relations and its ties with the United States. From an international relations perspective, the Taiwan Strait, one of the most likely conflict zones in the Asia-Pacific region, has been dubbed the â€Å"Balkan Peninsula of the East.† The status of Taiwan has been one of the most intricate issues in internationalRead MoreU.S. Foreign Policy Toward Taiwan Essay1232 Words   |  5 Pagesissue or nation so to speak that the United States has been dealing with and is currently dealing with today is Taiwan. Taiwan, also known as the Republic of China, faces several elements implicated by the U.S. foreign policy. The first element of American foreign policy is that the United States only recognizes one China. Whether it’s the China to the left of the Strait or the Taiwan to the right, it is up to both sides. The second element of American foreign policy is that Washington encouragesRead More Three Possible Taiwan Futures Essay1450 Words   |  6 PagesPeople’s Republic of China. 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Extended to political relations, the bond between the People’s Republic of China under the command of the Chinese Communist Party, and the Republic of China, Taiwan, whose political scheme constitutes a multiparty democracy, resemblesRead MoreEssay on Taiwan and the One C hina Principle1960 Words   |  8 PagesTaiwan and the One China Principle Since the conclusion of the Chinese civil war in 1949, China and Taiwan have functioned as separate nations. There has always been the promise by Taiwan to reunify with the mainland, but no real, concerted effort has ever been made. This and the actions of the United States on behalf of Taiwan have caused China to become threatened by the situation in recent months. The Chinese government released a statement last week that will bring the situation to aRead MoreThe Relationship between China and the United States1923 Words   |  8 PagesThe relationship between China and the United States is complex on numerous levels. 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Contemporary Society Free Essays

string(79) " to start in order to make sure the information is going to meet the criteria\." There are many contemporary social concerns in the world today. Information on these concerns can be found just about anywhere including the Internet, T.V. We will write a custom essay sample on Contemporary Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now and even articles. A critical thinker has a responsibility to find out information on the topic that is correct, true, has validity and limited to no biases. One contemporary issue that is going on is the issue with the addiction to crystal meth. A critical thinker needs to be able to understand the validity and truth behind a writers work, understand the importance of ethics and moral reasoning, and understand the advantages of informational technology. Any critical thinker can understand how crystal meth addiction is impacting the contemporary world today. Crystal meth is a very addictive drug and has many side effects to the brain and to the body. In order for a critical thinker to find reliable resources, he or she must research many areas of a writer’s paper. One way that a person can understand if a an article, website, etc. is a reliable source is to conduct research on the resources that writer four his or her information. All resources need to be creditable and those in turn have to credit where the information came from. This information needs to be written by someone who is an expert in the field at hand. In this case the topic is crystal meth addiction. An expert should have no issue with peer-reviewed. A reference should also be peer-reviewed. When a source is peer-reviewed it  has been reviewed and passed by a board that works in the author’s field of study. This can lead to  sources being published allowing others to view information that is correct. It can also create an issue in having some articles rejected if the peer-reviewers do not agree with the information that is being printed. An example of information that can be rejected is bias information. A critical thinker needs to be careful to understand when he or she is coming across bias. Bias is when the writer is defending one side over the other is facts. When a research paper is written, it needs to cover all sides of the issue at hand. A research paper on crystal meth addiction would be bias if it only described how poor, homeless people become addicted to crystal meth. A critical thinker should be able to understand how this is bias and not true. A critical thinker should be able to understand that people from all walks of life could and can become addicted to crystal meth. Along with a critical thinker understanding bias in a resource, he or she must also understand validity. In order for a critical thinker to hold full responsibility for a resource, he or she must look into the validity of a resource. Validity revolves around the logic and truth behind information. A resource must contain both truth and logic. The truth is what a research paper is all about. Information must be true and contain information that can be backed up by research and education. An topic of addiction to crystal meth is a very big social concern that people should be educated on. This information must come from studies, research, and information that have been provided by researchers who have studied the field and have done a number of tests. When looking into the facts about crystal meth addiction, a critical thinker must be able to understand what is the truth and what is not. Many articles about crystal meth addiction have stats and percentages. A critical thinker must be able to look at the stats and percentages and understand where the resource is getting the information. There may come times when the percentages are off based on where the information has come  from. A critical thinker should be able to understand that if an article states that there are a zero percentage of people addicted to crystal meth, this is not the truth and this information should not be looked into. This also contains the fact of how factual the information really is. Fact is a very big part of understanding literature review. When a critical thinker is looking at literature, he or she needs the information to be true and to have fact behind every word. If an article is published with fake information, this can lead to the critical thinker having misinformation and understanding the topic of addiction to crystal meth in the wrong way. Every piece of literature that a critical thinker reads must have great resources, peer-reviewed information, contain no bias, and have validity to back it up in order to get the correct and right information. When looking into a piece of literature, a critical thinker should looking into the resources, peer-viewed, bias, and validity of the information at hand. This will allow the critical thinker to get the best information for his or her information on a topic such as the addiction to crystal meth. Finding these four main points in a piece of literature will help keep information as reliable as possible on a contemporary issue. Researching the addiction to crystal meth will result in a major number of findings. It is  the responsibility of a critical thinker to understand the findings of each piece of literature he or she looks into. The first thing to look into is the information about crystal meth addiction. The site that has been published by the National Institute on Drug Abuse is full of information about what crystal meth (methamphetamine) is, what it does to a person, the statistics and trends, how it is abused and must more. In order to make sure this site is going to be useful, a contemporary thinker must look into the sources, bias, and validity of the literature and when the last time it was updated. This website has a section that deals with the research resources. This is  a good place to start in order to make sure the information is going to meet the criteria. You read "Contemporary Society" in category "Papers" The research resource includes a list of genetics research resources, data harmonization projects, and justice system resources. This information will provide where the information on the site has come from and who can back it up in order to make sure it is valid information. Here a critical thinking can see whom the NIH (National Institute on Drug Abuse) teamed up with in order to get the findings and information they have published. These researchers can be looked into and followed up with in order to make sure that the NIH is using true and real information on the topic of crystal meth addiction. The information found on the research resources will also let the person know that this information has been peer-viewed by all of the researchers involved in the findings. The next part that a critical thinker needs to look into is if there is any bias information in the literature. Bias information is information that is leading more towards one side. Reading the information  that the National Institute on Drug Abuse has written it is easy to see that the information is not bias and deals with the facts of crystal meth addiction. There is information on how the drug is used. The NIH states â€Å"methamphetamine [crystal meth] is a white, odorless, bitter-tasting crystalline powder that easily dissolves in water or alcohol and is taken orally, intranasally (snorting the powder), by needle injection, or by smoking (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2010, para 2). There is nothing that is bias about the information found on this website. The literature is informational and very valid. The validity of the information is very present. After reading through all of the resources and researchers involved, a critical thinker can understand that the information at hand is valid. This website has information that is both logical and factual present throughout all of the information that it provides. The same steps can be applied to another article about crystal meth. Sherry Mumford wrote an article called Putting meth addiction in context. This article should be researched to make sure it follows the same guidelines as the first literature information. The article revolves around Chilliwack, B.C. and the crystal meth addiction that can be found there. Sherry Mumford wrote the article and was published by Torstar Syndication Services, a Division of Toronto Star Newspapers, LLC. This LLC peer-viewed the article and found that the information was valid and decided to publish it. A critical thinker could argue that the article has some bias parts in it. The article states that â€Å"[Meth] is not an epidemic. It’s a drug trend and it’s problematic. It came on fairly quickly but it will go away† (Mumford, 2004, para 6). This information is leading more towards saying  that crystal meth is not addiction and is more of just a trend that is going around. This does not give the allusion that crystal meth is addictive and some people have trouble getting off the drug. This could also be considered in the validity of the article. The validity of an article is very important. The article contains some number on how many people are seeking help in the area. The article states â€Å"a total of 1,200 young people sought help from Fraser Health addictions services in 2003-04, and for adult clients the total was 5,500 in that same period† (Mumford, 2004, para 14). This information is very valid and the overall validity of the article is good. Another way to make sure that a piece of literature checks out is to see when the last time it was updated. An article called Straight faces about meth addiction was published in 2005 by Torstar Syndication Services, A Division of Toronto Star Newspaper, LLC. This article was peer-viewed by the publication company. The article also has a side bar stating the it was late updated in 2010. This left five years for new information to be found and changed if any information was not the same or not correct. This can be a real help to a critical thinker when making sure the information is right. The information also needs to contain no bias. The article deals with information on how to try and stop the crystal meth addiction. This article is not bias in anyway. The article is trying to help parents understand that even if it seems tough, there can be help for a son or daughter to get out of the addiction. The article does not state that is not help, which would lead to bias information. Stating that there is no help for anyone who becomes addicted to crystal meth would lead to a bias view. Knowledge of  resources will help a critical thinker understand the truth and validity behind literature. Knowledge not only helps a critical thinker understand the truth and validity behind literature but it can also help with the impact of social elements on both local and global communities. The knowledge that a person gains through social and institution elements can really have an impact on both local communities and global communities. Academic knowledge can impact local communities from a social element on the topic of crystal meth addiction. People are taught that addiction is real and can effect so many people. It is important for people to understand that addiction can be found locally and education can help with the issue. When it comes to addiction, the more educated a person is, the better the understanding that person will have on the topic and how go about the issue. The Internet is a big way for people to gain academic knowledge on information that is going on locally and globally. This information can help a person see the underling issues that come with crystal meth addiction. Academic knowledge can help people understand the truth in small communities and even across the world. Academic knowledge can be anything from what a person learns in school to what is taught to us by others such as a co-worker who was educated in crystal meth addiction. Academic knowledge can have a big impact on local communities. Understanding the truth behind crystal meth addiction can really help a community understand the issue. An article written by Goble and Battershill  talks about how the leaders of a town decided to educate the town on crystal meth. A man by the name of Ramsey held a movie screening at the local high school. Ramsey stated that the forum â€Å"will include a screening of a disturbing eighteen minute film† (Goble and Battershill, 2005, para 17). This information will help to inform the local community and help keep them educated on the topic of addiction. Being educated is the best way to try and find a resolution to any issue in a community. The communities need to know that some side effects of a crystal meth user are â€Å"extreme paranoia, visual and auditory hallucinations and severe cognitive impairment† (Lecomte, 2005, para 3). This can help others to understand what they need to look for in a person who is addicted to any type of drug, not just crystal meth. A person can then use their knowledge to understand that drugs mess with the brain and body. Academic knowledge can also help a critical thinker understand that an environment can have a lot to do with a person who is venerable to addiction. Through academic knowledge we learn that there are different environments, which can lead to different outcomes of how someone is raise, different types of cultures, and different subdivisions. An article by Matt Hartley talks about how some areas in the world can lead to a higher change of a person becoming addicted to drugs. Matt Hartley states â€Å"It’s hard enough to positively conduct treatment in you own community, [but] sending the kids far away, especially to a larger city where they’re going to run into a lot more troubled youth, is tricky† (Hartley, 2006, para. 9). This leads to the issue of the global community academic education can have an impact on. It is very important for a any person to know what is going on around the glob. A person can apply academic education to a global matter. The education a person has to apply to a local  community can also be applied to a global community. If using environment as an example, the same different types of environments in a community can also  be found around the world. Education does not only have to be academic. Education and information can be taught at a young age from anywhere. A survey back in 2009 came back with the results that â€Å"one out of every five students who filled out the survey from after an anti-drug group’s presentation said they know of someone using crystal meth† (Ryan, 2009, Infomart). Kids all across the globe need to be educated on this topic and understand the issues that come along with the addiction to not only crystal meth, but also any drug for that matter. Education is everywhere. Active citizenship in this matter and education could really help with the percentage of addicts in a community and around the globe. Active citizenship could impact the issue of the addiction to crystal meth in the next five to ten years. The active citizenship has already started to help with getting the numbers of people addicted to crystal meth down. The National Institute of Drug Abuse has reported that the use of crystal meth in teens has started to drop of the recent years. The site suggests that this is because of all of the attention being brought to the subject. If this continues of the next five to ten years, there could be a very low rate at the end. The next five to ten years could show a very big difference in what we see today. Using education, the next five to ten years could show an great drop in the amount of users of crystal meth. There are many different types of educational tools out there besides academic. People can also become educated with the World Wide Web, multimedia (blogs,  videos, radio), television. Education has already started to bring down the number of kids doing crystal meth. According to Geoffrey Laredo there has already been a â€Å"significant decrease in methamphetamine abuse† (Laredo, 2004, para 1). Education has helped with this. Education keeps growing and so does technology. Technology in the next five to ten years is going to be a great impact with how education works today. Today people can find information on any topic on the Internet. Giving technology five to ten years is going to help education further and help so  many more people with the information of addiction to crystal meth. There are so many blogs and videos out there that help people understand why not to do drugs and what the side effects are. Videos, blogs, and prodcasts are a way for people to communicate with each other or even gain information on a topic like crystal meth addiction. When it comes to videos, blogs, and prodcasts; a critical thinker has to be careful about the information that is being provided. These types of multimedia can contain lots of bias and very little validity. There are many blogs out there about addiction. A blog is a personal webpage or website that allows that person to write opinions, stories, personal information, and also allows for others to comment on this information. There are many blogs about addiction that are full of information about recovery, the struggles, and what each person went through personally as a addict or as a family or friend of an addict. The blog called An Addict In Our Son’s Bedroom is a blog for parents dealing with an addict child. This blog allows for the main â€Å"Mom and Dad† to communicate with others and for others to reach out to them. The blog does not seem to have very many resources and can come across as bias in some cases. The information in this blog is valid based on the fact that it is coming from real life stories. A critical thinker can apply academic knowledge to this blog and understand the validity of the issues and the fact that some parts may come across as bias. A critical thinker can also understand how some of the information is not true nor meets the qualifications of a peer-viewed article. The information on the blog is very relevant to the issue at hand: Addiction to crystal meth. This blog has many stories of what a family member of a user is going through. It also tells stories of how the people reach out to others and even talks to school students about the issues with addiction and what addiction can do to a person. There is so much personal information that statistics and numbers will not give someone. The validity and truth behind a blog is much different than the type of truth a validity one would get from an article backed up by many sources. Academic knowledge can help a person understand contemporary social concerns and how to apply the principles of active citizenship to those issues. A critical thinker needs to be able to know what information is good and what information is questionable. A critical thinker needs to be able to understand the validity, bias, and important of peer-viewed resource  and the importance of technology gathering data when dealing with any type of concern. This will help a critical thinker gain information that is correct, valid, and usable in the real world. How to cite Contemporary Society, Papers

Robert Frosts Poem Essays - Rhyme, Rhyme Scheme, Poetry,

Robert Frosts Poem What is poetry? Poetry is a lyrical way of expressing emotion. It is language charged with meaning and framed to be heard for contemplation. Poetry is a pleasant sounding work; the emotions that drive the words fill poetry with deep meaning. The reader must analyze every word to get the full meaning of a poem. An excellent example of deeper meaning within a poem is Robert Frost's Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening. This poem is layered with different meanings; it requires the reader to contemplate Frost's emotions behind the words. Poems, much like pictures, are framed. A picture frame gives a definite border and look to a picture. One way in which a poem can be framed is the look of the poem; how many stanzas are in the poem, how many lines in the stanza, and how many feet are in a line are all examples of framing. Echo and rhyme are two other options an author can choose from when framing his or her work. Unlike fiction and other types of stories, poetry always needs to be heard or read aloud. Hearing poetry is one of the key ingredients in grasping what the poet is trying to convey. In Robert Frost's Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening, many different poetic devices can be heard. For instance, the whole poem has a consistent meter. Meter regulates the free-flowing, irregular rhythms of ordinary speech (Guth, Rico 477). Every two syllables are called a foot; Frost breaks every line into four feet. These happen to be iambic feet because the last syllable is the stressed syllable. Rhyme is another key element to poetry. Rhyme is defined as an echo effect produced when a poet repeats the same sounds at the end of the final syllables of two or more lines (Guth, Rico 475). The rhyme scheme is very interesting in this poem. The rhyme scheme seems very basic, but there is a second aspect that is critical. The basic rhyme scheme for the first three stanzas is AABA. The interesting twist to this poem's rhyme scheme is that the third line in each stanza rhymes with the first, second, and fourth lines of the next stanza throughout the poem; in the last stanza, all four lines rhyme. The most important element of poetry is the fact that it is charged with meaning. Normally poems are shorter than other works. This makes each word of a poem extremely significant. Every word has a key role in the deeper meaning of the poem. In the first stanza, we see a man stopping in the forest to watch it fill up with snow. Here, the woods in the poem symbolize death. The woods and death are both looked at as very cold miserable things. Frost is trying to convey, through the picture of cold and dreary woods, that the man is contemplating suicide. At this point in the man's life, getting lost and dying in the woods seems easier than facing all of his troubles. In the next stanza, his horse is pulling at the reins trying to get him to leave the cold woods. The horse is representing the side of him that wants to return and confront his troubles. In the following stanza, only serene thoughts are portrayed. Again, the man is pondering whether or not to stay in the deep and lonely woods. "The woods are lovely, dark and deep ( 474. 13 )." With this line, he is telling himself he would die in peace if he stayed within the depth of the silent woods. "But I have promises to keep,/ And miles to go before I sleep,/ And miles to go before I sleep (474. 14-16)." These final lines remind the man that he has commitments to loved ones to support them; he can not abandon these people that he loves so much. These lines are repeated to warrant that continuing home is the fit thing for the man to do. This entire poem uses words that paint very vivid images of the peaceful woods and death. Without these exact words, this poem could lack several layers of meaning and emotion. When using these three key elements of poetry, it is much easier to analyze and gain the full meaning of a poem. Understanding that the man in the poem is contemplating suicide opens the poem up to be much more than four trivial stanzas. It becomes a picture of how someone who might be

Anti-Smoking essays

Anti-Smoking essays For a long time now many people have different views about smoking in public places. Smokers feel it is their right to smoke where and when they want. On the other hand, non-smokers feel smokers violate their rights and endanger their life. Smoking causes heart disease, lung cancer and other serious illnesses. Cigarette smoking is the number one cause of lung cancer. A substantial number of lung cancers that occur in non-smokers can be attributed to involuntary smoking. There are some parts in the United States where you can smoke in public places; on the other hand in New York there are designated areas. While some people feel that smoking in public places should remain since it is their right, it seems quite clear that smoking in public places should be banned because second-hand smoke will endanger non-smokers health and it pollutes the environment. Smokers feel they have had the right to smoke in a public place for so long that it should not be taken away. Restaurants and businesses should be allowed to set their own smoking rules, based on demands of the customers. Also business may decrease if they do not allow smokers the right to smoke, especially in bars and restaurants. The work place is another problem for smokers, now they have to go outside even in the winter to have a cigarette, even though they used to be able to smoke inside. A strong supporter on smokers rights is Democratic Assemblyman Dick Floyd, who wanted to vote for a controversial smokers right bill. He feels it is not a smoking bill; it merely protects the people who use legal substances such as tobacco and alcohol in their homes from job discrimination. However, smoking in public places is a danger to non-smokers health for the reason of passive or second-hand smoke. The public does not realize the significant hazards of second-hand smoke. A U.S environmental protection agency stated that: second-hand smoke is the third major cause of lung cance...

Biography of Manfred von Richthofen, The Red Baron

Biography of Manfred von Richthofen, The Red Baron Baron Manfred von Richthofen (May 2, 1892–April 21, 1918), also known as the Red Baron, was only involved in World War Is air war for 18 months- but he shot down 80 planes in that time, an extraordinary feat considering that most fighter pilots achieved a handful of victories before being shot down themselves. Fast Facts: Manfred Albrecht von Richthofen (the Red Baron) Known For:  Winning the Blue Max for downing 80 enemy planes in World War I.Born: May 2, 1892, in Kleinburg, Lower Silesia (Poland)Parents: Major Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen and Kunigunde von Schickfuss und Neudorff.Died: April 21, 1918, Somme Valley, France.Education: Wahlstatt Cadet School in Berlin, Senior Cadet Academy at Lichterfelde, Berlin War Academy.Spouse: None.Children: None. World War I was a bloody war, fought in muddy trenches and overwhelmed with slaughter. Yet a few soldiers escaped this anonymous end: fighter pilots. They volunteered to fly when just going up in an airplane seemed heroic, given the odds. Baron Manfred von Richthofen, who liked to fly in a blazing red airplane and shoot down plane after plane. His achievements made him both a hero and a propaganda tool. With 80 credited victories, Baron Manfred von Richthofen, the Red Baron, defied the odds and became a legend in the air. Early Life Manfred Albrecht von Richthofen was born on May 2, 1892, in Kleiburg near Breslau of Lower Silesia (now Poland), the second child and first son of Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen and Kunigunde von Schickfuss und Neudorff. (Freiherr is equivalent to Baron in ENglish). Manfred had had one sister (Ilsa) and two younger brothers (Lothar and Karl Bolko).   The Richthofens came from a long line that could be traced back to the sixteenth century. Many in the family raised merino sheep and farmed on their lands in Silesia. In 1896, the family moved to a villa in the nearby town of Schweidnitz. There, his Uncle Alexander, who had hunted in Africa, Asia, and Europe, fired in Manfred a passion for hunting. Even before Manfred was born, Albrecht von Richthofen had decided that his first son would follow in his footsteps and join the military. Albrecht himself had become one of the first Richthofens to become a career military officer. Unfortunately, a daring rescue to save several other soldiers who had fallen into the icy Oder River had left Albrecht deaf and with an early retirement. Manfred did follow in his fathers footsteps. At age eleven, Manfred entered the Wahlstatt cadet school in Berlin. Though he disliked the schools rigid discipline and received poor grades, Manfred excelled at athletics and gymnastics. After six years at Wahlstatt, Manfred graduated to the Senior Cadet Academy at Lichterfelde which he found more likable. After completing a course at the Berlin War Academy, Manfred joined the cavalry. In 1912, Manfred, after having been commissioned as Leutnant (lieutenant), was stationed in Militsch (now Milicz, Poland). In the summer of 1914, World War I began. To the Air When the war began, Manfred von Richthofen was 22 years old and stationed on Germanys eastern border, but was soon transferred to the west. During the charge into Belgium and France, Manfreds cavalry regiment was attached to the infantry for whom Manfred conducted reconnaissance patrols. However, when Germanys advance was halted outside of Paris and both sides dug in, the need for cavalry was eliminated. A man sitting on horseback had no place in the trenches. Manfred was transferred to the Signal Corps where he laid telephone wire and delivered dispatches. Frustrated with life near the trenches, Richthofen looked up. Though he didnt know which planes fought for Germany and which ones fought for their enemies, he knew that airplanes - and not the cavalry - now flew the reconnaissance missions. Yet becoming a pilot took months of training, probably longer than the war would last. So instead of flight school, Richthofen requested to be transferred to the Air Service to become an observer. In May 1915, Richthofen traveled to Cologne for the observer training program at the No. 7 Air Replacement Station. Even though Richthofen didnt have to fly the airplane, he still had to go up in one. Richthofen Gets Airborne At seven oclock the next morning I was to fly for the first time as an observer. Naturally, I was very excited, because I could not imagine what it would be like. Everyone I asked told me something different. The night before I had gone to bed earlier than usual to be fresh for the great moment next morning. We drove to the airfield and I sat in an airplane for the first time. The blast of wind from the propeller disturbed me greatly. It was impossible to make myself heard by the pilot. Everything flew away from me. If I took a piece of paper out, it disappeared. My flying helmet slipped off, my muffler loosened too much, and my jacket was not buttoned securely - in short, I was miserable. Before I knew what was happening, the pilot got the engine up to full speed and the machine began rolling, faster and faster. I hung on frantically. Then the shaking stopped and we were in the air. The ground slipped away beneath us. During this first flight, Richthofen lost the sense of his location and thus was unable to give the pilot directions. So they landed. Richthofen continued to study and learn. He was taught how to read a map, drop bombs, locate enemy troops, and draw pictures while still in the air. Richthofen passed observer training and was then sent to the eastern front to report enemy troop movements. After several months of flying as an observer in the East, Manfred was told to report to the Mail Pigeon Detachment, the code name for a new, secret unit that was to bomb England. Richthofen had his first air fight on September 1, 1915. He went up with pilot Lieutenant Georg Zeumer, and for the first time, spotted an enemy aircraft in the air. Richthofen had only a rifle with him and though he tried several times to hit the other plane, he failed to bring it down. A few days later, Richthofen went up again, this time with pilot Lieutenant Osteroth. Armed with a machine gun, Richthofen fired at the enemy plane. Then the gun became jammed. Once Richthofen unjammed the gun, he fired again. The plane started to spiral and eventually crashed. Richthofen was elated. However, when he went back to headquarters to report his victory, he was informed that kills in enemy lines did not count. Meeting His Hero On October 1, 1915, Richthofen was on board a train heading for Metz. After entering the dining car, he found an empty seat, sat down, and then noticed a familiar face at another table. Richthofen introduced himself and found that he was talking to the famous fighter pilot Lieutenant Oswald Boelcke. Frustrated at his own failed attempts to shoot down another plane, Richthofen asked Boelcke, Tell me honestly, how do you really do it? Boelcke laughed and then replied, Good heavens, it indeed is quite simple. I fly in as close as I can, take good aim, shoot, and then he falls down.2 Though Boelcke hadnt given Richthofen the answer he had hoped for, a seed of an idea was planted. Richthofen realized that the new, single seated Fokker fighter (Eindecker) - the one that Boelcke flew - was much easier to shoot from. However, he would need to be a pilot to ride and shoot from one of those. Richthofen then decided he would learn to work the stick himself.3 Richthofen asked his friend Zeumer to teach him to fly. After many lessons, Zeumer decided Richthofen was ready for his first solo flight on October 10, 1915. Richthofens First Solo Flight There are few moments in life that produce as nervous a sensation as the first solo flight. Zeumer, my teacher, announced to me one afternoon: You are ready to fly alone. I must say that I would rather have answered: I am too afraid. But this could never come from a defender of the fatherland. Therefore, good or bad, I had to swallow my cowardice and sit in the machine. . . . The engine started with a roar. I gave it the gas and the machine began to pick up speed, and suddenly I could not help but notice that I was really flying. Suddenly it was no longer an anxious feeling, but, rather, one of daring. Now it was all up to me. No matter what happened, I was no longer frightened. Richthofen, after much determination and perseverance, finally passed all three of the fighter pilot examinations. On December 25, 1915, he was awarded his pilots certificate. Richthofen spent the next several weeks with the 2nd Fighting Squadron near Verdun. Though Richthofen saw several enemy planes and even shot one down, he wasnt credited with any kills because the plane went down in enemy territory with no witnesses. The 2nd Fighting Squadron was then sent to the East to drop bombs on the Russian front. Collecting Two-Inch Silver Trophies On a return trip from Turkey in August 1916,  Oswald Boelcke  stopped to visit with his brother Wilhelm, Richthofens commander. Besides a brotherly visit, Boelcke was scouting for pilots that had talent. After discussing the search with his brother, Boelcke invited Richthofen and one other pilot to join his new group called Jagdstaffel 2 (hunting squadron) in Lagnicourt, France. Jagdstaffel 2 Suddenly in the early morning there was a knock at the door and before me stood the great man with the Pour le Mà ©rite. I really did not know what he wanted of me. To be sure, I knew him . . . but it did not occur to me that he had sought me out to invite me to become a pupil of his. I could have hugged him when he asked whether I wanted to go to the Somme with him. By September 8, 1916, Richthofen and the other pilots that had been invited to join Boelckes Jagdstaffel 2 (often abbreviated to Jasta) had arrived in Lagnicourt. Boelcke then taught them all he had learned about fighting in the air. On September 17, it was Richthofens first chance to fly a combat patrol in a squadron led by Boelcke. On Combat Patrol   We were all beginners; none of us had previously been credited with a success. Whatever Boelcke told us was taken as gospel. We knew that in the last few days he had shot down at least one Englishman a day, and many times two every morning. . . . We approached the enemy squadron slowly, but it could no longer escape us. We were between the Front and the enemy. If he wanted to go back, he would have to go by us. We counted seven enemy airplanes, and opposed them with only five. . . . The Englishman near me was a big, dark-colored barge. I did not ponder long and took aim at him. He shot and I shot, but we both missed. The fight then began. I tried to get behind him because I could only shoot in the direction I was flying. This was not necessary for him, as his observers rotating machine gun could reach all sides. But this fellow was no beginner, for he knew very well that the moment I succeeded in getting behind him, his last hour would be sounded. At the time I did not have the convi ction I have now that he must fall, but, rather, I was much more anxious to see if he would fall, and that is a significant difference. . . .Then, suddenly, his propeller turned no more. Hit! The engine was probably shot to pieces, and he would have to land near our lines. Reaching his own positions was out of the question. I noticed the machine swaying from side to side; something was not quite right with the pilot. Also, the observer was not to be seen, his machine gun pointed unattended up in the air. I had no doubt hit him also, and he must have been lying on the floor of the fuselage. The enemy airplane landed in German territory and Richthofen, extremely excited about his first kill, landed his airplane next to his enemys. The observer, Lieutenant T. Rees, was already dead and the pilot, L. B. F. Morris died on the way to the hospital. It was Richthofens first credited victory. It had become customary to present engraved beer mugs to pilots after their first kill. This gave Richthofen an idea. To celebrate each of his victories, he would order himself a two-inch-high silver trophy from a jeweler in Berlin. On his first cup was engraved, 1 VICKERS 2 17.9.16. The  first number  reflected what number kill; the word represented what kind of airplane; the third item represented the number of crew on board; and the fourth was the date of the victory (day, month, year). Later, Richthofen decided to make every tenth victory cup twice as large as the others. As with many pilots, to remember his kills, Richthofen became an avid souvenir collector. After shooting down an enemy aircraft, Richthofen would land near it or drive to find the wreckage after the battle and take something from the plane. A few of his souvenirs included a machine gun, bits of the propeller, even an engine. But most popularly, Richthofen removed the fabric serial numbers from the aircraft. He would carefully pack these souvenirs up and send them home to be placed in his room. In the beginning, each new kill held a thrill. Later in the war, however, Richthofens number of kills had a sobering effect. When it was time to order his 61st silver trophy, the jeweler in Berlin informed him that because of the scarcity of metal, he would have to make it out of ersatz (substitute) metal. At that time, Richthofen decided to end his trophy collecting. His last trophy was for his 60th victory. An End to Trophy Collecting On October 28, 1916, Boelcke, Richthofens mentor, went into the air as he had on most other days. However, during an aerial battle, a horrible accident occurred. While trying to evade an enemy, Boelcke and Lieutenant Erwin Bà ¶hmes plane grazed each other. Though it was only a touch, Boelckes plane was damaged. While his plane was rushing toward the ground, Boelcke tried to keep control. Then one of his wings snapped off. Boelcke was killed on impact. The news that this famous flyer had died affected the morale of Germany. Boelcke had been their hero and now he was gone. Germany was saddened but wanted a new hero. Richthofen continued to make kills, making his seventh and eighth kill in early November. After his ninth kill, Richthofen expected to receive Germanys highest award for bravery, the Pour le Mà ©rite. Unfortunately, the criteria had recently changed, and instead of nine downed enemy aircraft, a fighter pilot would receive the honor after sixteen victories. Richthofens continued kills were drawing attention to him. Though he was now considered a flying ace, he was still among several who had comparable kill records. Richthofen wanted to distinguish himself. Though several other flyers had painted different sections of their planes special colors, Richthofen noticed that it was difficult to see these during a battle. To get noticed, from the ground and from the air, Richthofen decided to paint his plane bright red. Ever since Boelcke had painted the nose of his plane red, the color had been associated with his squadron. However, no one had yet been so ostentatious as to paint their entire plane such a bright color. The Color Red One day, for no particular reason, I got the idea to paint my crate glaring red. After that, absolutely everyone knew my red bird. If fact, even my opponents were not completely unaware. Richthofen understated the colors effect on his enemies. To many, the bright red plane seemed to make a good target. It was rumored that the British had put a price on the head of the red planes pilot. Yet when the plane and pilot continued to shoot down airplanes and continued itself to stay in the air, the bright red plane caused respect and fear. The enemy created nicknames for Richthofen:  Le Petit Rouge, the Red Devil, the Red Falcon,  Le Diable Rouge, the Jolly Red Baron, the Bloody Baron, and the Red Baron. However, the Germans never called Richthofen the Red Baron; instead, they called him  der rà ¶te Kampfflieger  (The Red Battle Flier). Though Richthofen had become a great hunter on the ground, he was constantly perfecting his game in the air. After achieving sixteen victories, Richthofen was awarded the Pour le Mà ©rite on January 12, 1917. Two days later, Richthofen was given command of  Jagdstaffel 11. Now he was not only to fly and fight but to train others to do so. The Flying Circus April 1917 was Bloody April. After several months of rain and cold, the weather changed and pilots from both sides again went up into the air. The Germans had the advantage in both location and aircraft; the British had the disadvantage and lost many, many men. In April, Richthofen shot down 21 enemy aircraft bringing his total up to 52. He had finally broken Boelckes record (40 victories), making Richthofen the new ace of aces. Richthofen was a hero. Postcards were printed with his image and stories of his prowess abounded. Yet heroes in war dont necessarily last long. Any day, the hero might not come home. The war planners wanted to protect the German hero; thus ordered rest for Richthofen. Leaving his brother Lothar in charge of  Jasta 11  (Lothar had also proven himself a great fighter pilot), Richthofen left May 1, 1917, to visit Kaiser Wilhelm II. He talked to many of the top generals, spoke to youth groups, and socialized with others. Though he was a hero and received a heros welcome, Richthofen just wanted to spend time at home. On May 19, 1917, he was again home. During this time off, the war planners and propagandists had asked Richthofen to write his memoirs, later published as  Der rote Kampfflieger  (The Red Battle-Flyer). By mid-June, Richthofen was back with  Jasta 11. The structure of the air squadrons changed in June 1917. On June 24, 1917, it was announced that Jastas 4, 6, 10, and 11 were to join together into a large formation called  Jagdgeschwader I  (Fighter Wing 1) and Richthofen was to be the commander. J.G. 1 came to be known as The Flying Circus. Things were going magnificently for Richthofen until a serious accident in early July. While attacking several pusher planes, Richthofen was shot. Richthofen Is Shot Suddenly there was a blow to my head! I was hit! For a moment I was completely paralized [sic] . . . My hands dropped to the side, my legs dangled inside the fuselage. The worst part was that the blow on the head had affected my optic nerve and I was completely blinded. The machine dived down.8 Richthofen regained part of his eyesight around 2600 feet (800 meters). Though he was able to land his plane, Richthofen had a bullet wound in the head. The wound kept Richthofen away from the front until mid-August and left him with frequent severe headaches. Last Flight As the war progressed, Germanys fate looked bleaker. Richthofen, who had been an energetic fighter pilot early in the war, was becoming increasingly distressed about death and battle. By April 1918, Richthofen, the Red Baron, had long ago proven himself a hero. He had far surpassed Boelckes record for he was nearing his 80th victory. He still had headaches from his wound that bothered him greatly. Though he had grown sullen and slightly depressed, Richthofen still refused his superiors requests for him to retire. On April 21, 1918, the day after he had shot down his 80th enemy aircraft, Manfred von Richthofen climbed into his bright red airplane. Around 10:30 a.m., there had been a telephoned report that several British aircraft were near the front and Richthofen was taking a  group  up to confront them. The Germans spotted the British planes and a battle ensued. Richthofen noticed a single airplane bolt out of the melee. Richthofen followed him. Inside the British plane sat Canadian Second Lieutenant Wilfred (Wop) May. This was Mays first combat flight and his superior, Canadian Captain Arthur R. Brown, who was also an old friend, ordered him to watch but not participate in the fight. May had followed orders for a little while but then joined in the ruckus. After his guns jammed, May tried to make a dash home. To Richthofen, May looked like an easy kill so he followed him. Captain Brown noticed a bright red plane follow his friend May; Brown decided to break away from the battle and try to help his old friend. May had by now noticed he was being followed and was frightened. He was flying over his own territory but couldnt shake the German fighter. May flew close to the ground, skimming over the trees, then over the Morlancourt Ridge. Richthofen anticipated the move and swung around to cut May off. Death of the Red Baron Brown had now caught up and started firing at Richthofen. And as they passed over the ridge, numerous Australian ground troops fired up at the German plane. Richthofen was hit. Everyone watched as the bright red plane crashed. Once the soldiers who first reached the downed plane realized who its pilot was, they ravaged the plane, taking pieces as souvenirs. Not much was left when others came to determine exactly what happened to the plane and its famous pilot. It was determined that a single bullet had entered through the right side of Richthofens back and exited about two inches higher from his left chest. The bullet killed him instantly. He was 25 years old. There is still a controversy over who was responsible for bringing down the great  Red Baron. Was it Captain Brown or was it one of the Australian ground troops? The question may never be fully answered. Baron Manfred von Richthofen, the Red Baron, was credited with bringing down 80 enemy aircraft. His prowess in the air made him a hero during World War I and a twentieth-century legend. Sources Burrows, William E.  Richthofen:  A True History of the Red Baron.  New York: Harcourt, Brace World, Inc., 1969.Kilduff, Peter.  Richthofen:  Beyond the Legend of the Red Baron.  New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc., 1993.Richthofen, Manfred Freiherr von.  The Red Baron.  Trans. Peter Kilduff. New York: Doubleday Company, 1969.

4 short papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

4 short papers - Essay Example The Banks are ambitious and very uptight and less open. Both Will and the Banks learn a lot about each other over the course of the shows six seasons. Since the show is a sitcom it is clearly not a realistic representation. The Banks children, especially Carleton and Hilary, are vain and materialistic as well as insecure—these are not unrealistic characteristics but they are not related to the race, they are related to class. The character of Will is somewhat more realistic and represents a racial minority. Will, however, is a very strong personality for someone who has no personal status. So his character is somewhat unrealistic. He is part of hip hop culture but his race and minority status in no way define him. Indeed, what most defines him is his irreverence and charm. Fresh Prince of Bel-air is a bit of a mould-breaker so far as cultural depictions of racial minorities come. Race does not play a large role, instead class does. This is a commentary on the expanding African-American upper class which was increasing significantly in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the time period of the show. In a sense Fresh Prince was an update of the groundbreaking Cosby Show, but with a bit of a tweak. This is a very useful article about social skills. Too often we focus on grades and hard accomplishments like degrees, but simply making conversation can be very important when trying to get ahead from a career perspective. It is very important to be able to talk to people and make them feel comfortable about themselves. People want to feel normal and comfortable around them. You have to have the correct amount of eye contact and small talk. It is not enough to be smart, you also need social skills. It is a question that has troubled billions of people since the dawn of time: how should a person lead a good, meaningful life? There are as many theories as there are grains of sand on the beach, but some ideas over the years

Lesson 1.3 Critical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lesson 1.3 Critical Thinking - Essay Example Childhood cancers occur at different sites of the body as compared to adulthood cancers. Most of the childhood cancers are brain tumors, leukemia and lymphoma and bone cancer. On the other hand, cancer in adults tends to occur mainly in the breast, colon, lungs, and pancreas and prostrate. There are also cancers that affect adults but virtually never occur in children, while at the same type some childhood cancers never occur in adults (Jones, 2008). With respect to treatment, cancers occurring in children’s bodies tend to respond better to treatments such as chemotherapy as compared to the way adults’ bodies do. Though this is the case, these treatments, like the radiation therapy and the chemotherapy may have long-term side effects. This requires for there to be a careful follow up for the rest of their lives on children who undergo this treatments (McCance, 2009). In the case study given, the 14 year-old female suffered from various side effects as a result of the dicloxacillin therapy she was undergoing. Some of the effects are common adverse drug reactions which include: headache, fever, purpura, swollen and bleeding gums and generalized petechiae. From the lab-work results, the young girl’s platelets’ count is low. The path physiology of cells and tissues or the cellular environment attribute greatly to cancer (White,

The Impact of Technology on Business Essay -- Technological Business e

The Impact of Technology on Business The word business, trade, exchange of commodities are all synonyms. In the early age of civilization business was carried out on the basis of Bata trade as currency came into existence and there were business set Ups our perception started to change towards business but more so since the last 50 yrs with the advent of the information technology the world has turned around. With the establishment of the Internet business has got globalize Businesses are now able to approach overseas market they are no more confined to their areas of their establishment. Business today is inextricably intertwined with technology, from the smallest home office, to a multinational corporation with multiple monolithic legacy application. It is impossible to be in business today without confronting the issues of technology. The way we do business today is different than 30 years ago. Technology has evolved around the areas of telecommunication, travel, stock market, shipping even around our daily lives. E-commerce a system by which people can buy, sell and deal without even seeing the person on the other side has taken a front seat in improving the economy of countries around the world. Technology today has made it possible for monetary institutions to help locate the customers resources and help solve their problems at any given time through online banking. The Internet, a boon to all business, is playing a part of a catalyst; it links millions of customers to its suppliers and vice versa due to this, manufactures are able to cut the role of middlemen a nd are able to deal with the customers, giving them the ability for direct input from the customers about their choices and views of their product. The busi... ...tune magazine on May 2000. In one of the interviews with Kurt Kammerer, the writer Justin Fox contends, "The core of his business is software that uses intelligent agents to arrange business transaction online"(Fortune, 2001) business is also changing the traditional way of doing things,there are virtual markets like(http://www.ebay.com)where by which people are buying and selling products Today there are no limitations to what technology can do to change the way we do Business. From online malls like(http://www.mall.com) to sites likeE-Bay technology has changed the way we do business. What we can conceive we can achieve. What is coming up next might impact our ways of doing business but the major impact, the major changes have began and what will lead now will be enhancing those changes. We have discussed many ways that technology has impacted our businesses.

Neil – Dead Poet

Character Review – Dead Poets Society Neil Perry 1. Neil Perry relationship with his father is one with a lack of communication and misunderstanding. Thought the film, Neil and his father are conflicted. We see this first when Mr. Perry tell Neil and he is no longer allowed to work for the school’s paper. His father is controlling, and strongly believes in tradition, and if he allowed Neil to work on the paper he would be going against his own parenting. I believe that the pressure and strict lifestyle that Mr. Perry has put on Neil is what lead him to his suicide.Neil’s life within a classroom is far from a struggle. He is able to achieve straight A’s, and doesn’t question the teaching strategies Mr. Keating introduces to his English class. In fact, he welcomes them. Neil’s relationship with Mr. Keating allows him to embrace his fears. It is Mr. Keating that encourages Neil to talk to his father about acting in the play. 2. Neil is a tall, n ot very athletic looking young man and if he were to be placed into a stereotype, he would be depicted as a nerd. Neil wears his school uniform in a classic manner, which symbolizes his self-discipline as a student.There is a certain awkwardness that comes with Neil’s character, and I think it has to do with that fact that he is trying to find himself. Neil is constantly conflicted with doing as he is told, or doing what he wants to do, and it awkwardly stuck in between the two. Neil’s tone of voice while talking to his peers is one of confidence. Whatever he says to them, he says without a hint of doubt. For example, during a meeting of the Dead Poet’s Society, Neil reads aloud his poem with poise. On the other hand, while Neil is talking to his father, he no longer speaks with confidence.His tone becomes weak and vulnerable. On several occasions Neil tries to rebel against his father by standing up for himself, however, each time his father doesn’t allo w it. Showing how controlled Neil is by his father, and how he tries to escape it. 3. Neil’s driving goal thought-out the film is to become an actor. He faces obstacles with his father along the way. We see Neil’s dedication to this play when he is willing to lie to his father, and head master—by doing so he is risking being expelled from Welton. Once his father finds out about Neil’s role in the play, he immediately restricts Neil from participating.As an audience we feel as though Neil has given up, and he won’t be fighting against his father for this. This is where Mr. Keating has, I think, the biggest impact on Neil. In Mr. Keating office, Neil is told that by not standing up to his father, he is pretending to be someone else—he is acting for his father. This is the peak for Neil, where he realizes that at one point in his life, he is going to have to tell his father â€Å"no†. 4. To achieve his goal, Neil had to lie to his parent s and Mr. Nolan the head mater at Welton.During the scene where he decides to write a permission Todd, Neil’s roommate, tries to convince him that lying is not the best way to go. The passion for Neil’s acting it first demonstrated here, because he is clearly aware of the risks that lying can have. 5. Neil’s weakness’s all have to do with his father. When his father does not hold Neil back there is not much that he will let stop him. In fact, I think because of his father, Neil is encouraged to achieve more and push harder to become a better person on his own, as if to show his father that there is more than one path of life.It’s only when Mr. Perry tells Neil that he cannot do something that Neil feels worthless. For example, on the night after the play, Neil and his parents are fighting, here, Mr. Perry tells Neil that is going to be a doctor, no argument. Neil is weakened by his father’s authority, and doesn’t stand up for himself once again. Unfortunately, this weakness got the better of him, and because of it, it lead to his suicide. 6. The greatest strength Neil has is his ability to lead his peers. He is the first one to question what the Dead Poet’s Society, the first to call Mr.Keating â€Å"Captain†, and one of the first to rip out the pages of their textbook in Mr. Keating’s class. I believe that Neil can affectively lead a group because he knows what it’s like to be controlled (his father). As a leader Neil doesn’t force anyone to do anything, unlike his father. He takes his role as a leader, as a way for him to make his own choices, something it doesn’t normally get a chance to do. 7. Because Neil is an affective leader, he is able to help the rest of the characters grow as people. For example, when Knox is having troubles with Chris, Neil kindly offers him advice and encourages him to call her.Also, on Todd’s birthday, when he received the same gift from his parents that he got last year, Neil helped Todd feel more confident by leading him outside of his personal box, and convincing him to throw the desk set his parents got him over the wall. Without Neil, there would be no Dead Poets Society, and I don’t think the boys would have grown as much as they did if Neil didn’t impact them. 8. A visual symbol that is associated with Neil is his crown from his role of Puck in A Midsummer’s Night’s Dream. 9.The crown that Neil wears in his play, and during his suicide represents freedom. I think that when Neil is wearing it he is free. For example, while in the play, he is given the opportunity to become someone else for a short while. His father does not control him when he is acting, and he doesn’t have to do what he says. He can become whomever he wants while again. He is also free after his suicide. He is no longer under the control of his father, and he is at peace. 10. I believe that at the begin ning of the film Neil understands that he will do whatever his father tells him to.No part of him comprehends that he has the power to say â€Å"no† to his father. Then he meets Mr. Keating; he changes Neil’s life instantly. He shows Neil that it’s okay to be original, and it’s okay to see the world is a different way than his father. As the film moves on we see Neil begin to accept himself, and start to fall apart from his father. The peak of his character is when Neil auditions for the play without his father’s permission; it shows that Neil can make his own choices. However the consequences that were caused by that choice were extremely negative.Although I don’t believe that Neil lying to his parents was the cause of his suicide, it was what caused his father to cross the line. As contradicting as it sounds, I think that Neil represents confidence and courage. Thought-out the film he struggles with his father, but in the end it was his co nfidence and courage that helped him succeed his goal of acting. It also took a lot of courage to decide and go though with his suicide. Neil played a large part in the development of all the characters in the film, and because of his lead they are all stronger and more confident people.