A view from the bridge dramatically effective Essay Example

A view from the bridge dramatically effective Essay Example A view from the bridge dramatically effective Essay A view from the bridge dramatically effective Essay Later due to Eddies Negativity it seems as if everyone is against Eddie. Who Miller at the moment is being made out to be Selfish and bad. After all this it says Catherine puts on a record and flushed with revolt asks Rodolfo to dance. The words flushed with revolt show us that Catherine is very annoyed and wants to get back and Eddie, showing him she is not his puppet and is independent. Rodolfo at the moment is not too sure about Eddie so decides to say no, but Beatrice once again going against Eddie tells them to dance. Eddie is frustrated and the play says he turns his head away. He then seems to plan how hes going to get Rodolfo back for this. To take attention away from what hes done he starts praising Rodolfo which hes never done before. This is a physical way of showing emotions, a lot of Millers messages are sent through physical activities. He then finds his opportunity by asking Rodolfo to box with him. He then starts to seem really nice. Hes teaching Rodolfo how to defend himself from enemies. Acting very friendly with him. Beatrice who first thought this was a bad idea starts enjoying it. Everything is going well. Eddie asks Rodolfo to hit him and after Eddie says hes going to hit Rodolfo but in a friendly way. So Eddie hits him hard. He alone knows that he has got his revenge from Rodolfo dancing with Catherine. Everyone is wondering whether Rodolfo is ok and Rodolfo trying to seem manly in front of Catherine says yes hes fine he was just surprised. Everyone else falls for it. This was a way of Eddie getting his anger out, also showing Rodolfo that he wants respect from him. This again is Physical like most of the key moments in Millers play. Mainly the intension had been to seem a bigger man than Rodolfo! Lastly and this is the most important section which makes the end of act one dramatically effective. Is the scene where Marco asks Eddie to lift a chair with one hand and Eddie cant, but Marco can. Everyone has fallen for Eddies punch on Rodolfo as being merely friendly except Marco who realises there was a deeper intension. He then confronts Eddie this way showing him that he is stronger than him; mainly that he will defend his brother anytime he needs to. So Eddie should watch what he does. This is the second Confrontation between Eddie and Marco. Miller also wanted this to leave a cliff-hanger to make audiences or reader want to continue reading or come back and watch the rest of the play. This also makes you think about what happens in the play a lot more. Once again it is physical showing that most of the play is based on physical activities.

Social Darwinism Essays - Herbert Spencer, Darwinism, Social Theory

Social Darwinism Essays - Herbert Spencer, Darwinism, Social Theory Social Darwinism Social Darwinism Social Darwinism was a late nineteenth-century social theory that was based on the theories of evolution of scientist Charles Darwin. The ideas and behind Social Darwinism came directly from his theories of evolution and, survival of the fittest. The theory was used to explain how the economic growth of America was coming along. This theory also said that economies grew and operated like ecosystems and weeded out the weak and allowed the strong to flourish. The ideas of Social Darwinism were used to explain how the United States economy was so competitive and to justify the elimination of so many less ambitious industries. This was also a way to be able to increase the economys personalization to the consumer and to be able to offer competitive prices and cheaper and better products. The idea of Social Darwinism changed how the people thought of the economy by making it a battlefield instead of a playground. The way that social Darwinism has changed the views and realities of the economy has allowed it to be able to advance and provide a good, competitive place for people to make money and offer their goods and services. Also, the ideas of Social Darwinism still are around today, especially in the dot-com world. The idea of only the strongest survive, is still a relevant analysis of how todays economy works. The way that the larger, better-funded companies are eliminating the smaller more personalized businesses is the basis behind the Social Darwin theory. In conclusion, the ideas of Social Darwinism were an analysis of how the economy of America works. It summarized how people needed to be stronger, faster and smarter than the competition. Also, it justified the elimination of many weaker industries to make room for the corporate companies to run the economy. Social Darwinism affected the growth of the economy by making everything more competitive and allowing people to want to eliminate their competition, not accommodate them. Bibliography none

The use of High Stakes Test to Evaluate Teachers Research Paper

The use of High Stakes Test to Evaluate Teachers - Research Paper Example With the high level of stress teachers already endure day after day, adding the pressure of high stakes testing only increases the number of cons resulting from placing teacher's career in jeopardy if students are unable to pass high stakes tests. Therefore, the cons resulting from such high stakes tests must be seriously considered by policymakers. If these cons are ignored, the results could be devastating to the American education system. Thousands of potentially good classroom teachers   could lose their jobs and many prospective teachers would mostly likely refuse to enter into the profession.One of the cons of the using high stakes testing to evaluate teachers is that policymakers discard the valuable intangibles that makes up   a teacher’s   character. The worth of a teacher is much more than the results of high stakes testing. Such intangibles as caring teacher/student relationships, active teacher/parent connection, extra-curriculum activities-participation, att endance, role modeling for students can not measured by high stakes testing. Many teachers go far and beyond the call of duty when it comes to preparing their students for the challenges of society and work. The are kind, helpful, caring and compassionate(Suttle). Their students respect them. Releasing such dedicated teachers due to negative high stakes test results is a mistake. In stead of   keeping good teachers who are sensitive to their ideas and thoughts, students most likely will receive teacher who are too test. oriented and insensitive to the student's feelings. Another con of high stakes testing is that the tests do not necessarily reflect the competency of the teacher. Many teachers simply don't know how to prepare their classroom for scoring successfully on high stakes tests. According to Richard F. Elmore, a professor of Harvard School of Education, many teachers are unsure of how to integrate state standards for high stakes testing, so they engage the process blindly . This sense of blindness forces many teachers to focus on teaching test material the entire school year. Other significant aspects of the curriculum such as social studies and science are usually neglected. Such focus on teaching test material is called â€Å"teach to the test† (Walker pg 9). Critical information regarding society, people and the environment are neglected when non-tested subjects such as science and psychology are minimized during the course of a school year. No matter how competent a teacher may be, she can not make students learn if the students are not motivated, perhaps due to some external circumstances beyond school. This is another con of high stakes testing. Many minority populations, including Latinos and African Americans come from impoverished backgrounds or underprivileged schools which might limit their ability to obtain high test scores. For example, studies show that â€Å"significant gaps exist between rich and poor districts and among ethni c and

Select ONE Retailer of Your Choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Select ONE Retailer of Your Choice - Essay Example If the global sales and domestic market share of the company is taken into account then it is found that the company is the largest British retailer by far. The profit of the company exceeded ?2 billion for the year 2008 and it is believed that the profit will be much higher in the year 2009. The company mainly focuses upon food and drink but it has also started dealing in clothes, financial services, internet services etc. â€Å"Tesco started life in 1919 when Jack Cohen started selling surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. Mr. Cohen recorded a profit of ?1 from total sales of ?4 on his first day.† (A History of Tesco) The brand Tesco first appeared in the year 1924 when Jack Cohen supposedly bought a tea shipment from Mr. T. E Stockwell. The year 1929 marked the opening of a store in North London and the company rapidly developed from there on. The head quarters of the company was first established in North London in the 1930s. In the year 1932 the compan y became a private limited company, another feather in the cap of Tesco. Expansion of the Company The expansion of the company traces back to the year 1950 when the company quickly bought rival shops so as to expand and compete with other Giants. In another endeavor to do so, the company bought as many as 70 William stores and an unprecedented 200 Harrow stores. 1960s saw a revolution in the supermarket trend, the stores started selling more products in larger shops and Tesco was quick to capitalize on the very same opportunity. In the year 1961, the Guinness book of records acknowledged that Tesco was the largest store in the whole of Europe and more growth followed as the company opened another Superstore in Sussex. â€Å"Supermarkets once and for all changed the way people shopped and by the 1970s Tesco was building a national store network to cover the whole of the UK, which it continues to expand to this day, while also making other products available to its customers.† (A History of Tesco) The company recorded annual sale of ?1bn in the year 1979 and the sales doubled by the year 1982. The year 1987 was historical for the company as the company completed a successful takeover of their supermarket rivals Hillards for a whopping ?220m. The term superstore was an alien term but Tesco was the first company to introduce this term, the term referred to two aspects of the company, namely the size of their store and secondly the vast choice of inexpensive food and other items to choose from. The appearance of the stores mattered a lot and in order to ensure that the stores looked great, the company spent massive amount in order to put some daylight between their competitors. The company also took into account the parking space for the customers and ensured that their customers were provided with enough space and a wide range of products to choose from. The company was the first to install enhanced lightning and also widened its aisles. The company extensi vely worked on providing its customers with fresh food items to choose from. The company stopped depending on the manufacturers by opening a centralized warehouse to cater to the demands of its various stores spread across the whole of Europe. The company teamed up with Marks & Spencer to establish stores in all major cities, in an attempt to do so the company established a 65,000 square foot superstore which was

Childhood and Adolescent Animal Cruelty Methods Research Proposal

Childhood and Adolescent Animal Cruelty Methods - Research Proposal Example Further research is obliged to inspect the components related to why people take an interest in youth animal evil and what are the behavioral and social viewpoints identified with this sort of conduct. Hirschi's social holding hypothesis is actualized into this study as an intention to address social bonds amid youth and their general significance in connection to creating withdrawn behavioral qualities. Hensley and Tallichet (2009) evaluated the relationship in the middle of youth and juvenile demonstrations of creature mercilessness in connection to interpersonal savagery towards people that happens further down the road. Mead (1964) attested that there was a relationship between youngsters who take part in demonstrations of creature cold-bloodedness to that of assaultive character issue. This behavioral theory pondered how youngsters could be aided by right on time conclusion when exhibiting this kind of maladjusted conduct in which may help in avoiding further inclusion in interp ersonal savagery and murder later on. The exploration address inside this study tended to a connection between the sorts of creature torment to best anticipate later interpersonal brutality in grown-ups. The type of creature torment that was considered by the specialists included demonstrations of creature pitilessness, for example, 1) Drowning, 2) Hitting, 3) Kicking, 4) Shooting, 5) Choking, 6) Burning, and 7) Having sexual relations with the creatures (Hensley &Tallichet, 2009). Inside the domain of sociology exploration, analysts normally coordinate a subjective examination configuration to build general exhaustiveness into the range of human and social association, with the objective of applying intending to these ideas in the development and acceptance of human learning.

Introduction To The Crap Analysis English Language Essay

Introduction To The Crap Analysis English Language Essay The year 2012, marks a pivotal moment in world history. As foretold by Nostradamus, the world may end soon and very soon, we have to account for the worlds resources as its temporary caretakers. Ever since those predictions, the accountant has tracked every aspect of barter and of life. How much tea was dumped during the Boston Tea Party? How many limestone blocks were used in the first pyramid? What was the percentage of gross domestic product loss to England because of the destruction of its exports? What was the logistics strategy that causes all to want to walk like an Egyptian? The accountant has numerated and worked these questions and so many more over time. Yet we, like those before us are still burdened with CRAP. From the forensic accountant to the in home accountant also known as mom, all have counted and fell short. CRAP, in my humble opinion, is isolated as follows: C credit card fees R rebates A auto renewals P prepaid cards Only two accounting tasks are more puzzling than this one (formally known as CRAP) : One the true tax numbers of one Willard Mitt Romney? and the other what percentage of butter is in that substance at the movie theater?. I submit, CRAP is money to burn. It is unaccounted loss, monetary deception. In other words crap is money we spend or lose without knowing. CRAP, in my humble opinion, is isolated as follows: C credit card fees R rebates A auto renewals P prepaid cards Lets begin with credit card fees. Credit card fees are crap. Credit card fees and surcharges cost consumers billions a every year. Yet, the masses seem to worship credit cards. They do make our lives so expedient. Regardless, that were paying a sky-scraping outlay for this service. In this down economy, surcharges and fees are climbing as credit card companies skirmish for your dollars. You may need a Trident Tech accountant to identify those covert, oft concealed fees we pay. Credit card applications rise every year as credit card companies make breathtaking offers to clutch your business. They lure you with no interest transfers, no annual fees, and still cash back! What accountant could resist, right? Cash back seems to be the most popular today, as may credit card provider keeps offering me a plan with 5% cash back. My judgement is, if you can afford to give me 5% back how much profit do you actually make off me? So, judge wisely. Sift through the extra credit card fees and surcharges. They will deplete your cash account or that of a small business. The best way to avoid these extra credit card costs and beat the crap is to put into action simple solutions for all those fees. Take a quick look at some universal credit card fees: The Late Fee is crap. If PAYPAL doesnt get your money to the credit card company on time, because we know its not your fault, you may have to fork out a fee of up to $35. This can cripple your cash flow. Be mindful, that if you pay your balance late on a credit card, it can and will be used against you, raising your interest rate on all your cards! What all the companies do is raise you interest rate because you paid late on another account. This includes the GE Money type accounts such as Rooms To Go. To beat the crap: Pay early and often. When confronted with a late charge because of PAYPAL or your dog ate the check, call the company and give explanation. Often our big brother will negate the late charge. Over the Limit Fee is also crap. If youre near your maximum credit line, a solo additional purchase or even a late charge will thrust you over the limit and trigger an over the limit fee. Also a high credit card balance will lower your credit rating. Having over 50% of your card charged, tells the three credit agencies that you are low on cash. To beat the crap, keep all your balances safely below your limit. Like my grandfather told me, never let you gas tank go past half. So dont charge your balance over half. If you can, pay off your whole bill every month. Make it rain on VISA and MASTERCARD. This will eliminate effectively all of the fees. Next, the inner accountant in you should be aware of how much available credit you have before you acquire a fresh charge. Get the app on your smartphone, or do it the old way and call your credit card company, to check that your balance is up to date. Note to self: The reported credit limit may be around two weeks behind your transactions. Buying that new robot vacuum when you dont have the money can put you past the limit, or you may have to do the walk of shame after rejection at the register. Hopefully it doesnt happen on a first date or your pastor is in line behind you. To beat the crap: Start up the Prius, trek to Barnes and Noble, buy Accounting for Dummies, and maintain a daily accurate record of your credit card transactions. Dont rely soleIy on the convienient Android app for your current balance. The service fee is crap. Mystery Is there really a no-annual-fee credit card? Many of them, even some of the 0% plastic cards, charge a monthly service fee. The service fee is also called the minimum finance charge costs around $6 a month. Multiplied, you have an annual fee up to $72. To find out if you are victim to this crap, simply call the credit card company and get all the information you need. The crap is in the details, so be sure you understand the terms. Accounting 101 stresses where there is a debit there must be a credit. By its vary nature, the balance transfer fee is crap. My uncles girlfriend said, All money aint good money. The balance transfer fee definitely fits that descriptor. The transfer fee is exactly like its name, a charge for moving outstanding balance to another card. The fee can be a flat rate or a percentage of the amount you moved over. To beat this crap: Look before you leap, ask before you transfer! If you cant afford the fee, dont take it. At the very least, weigh the fee versus you savings by doing the transfer. Use your inner accountant and calculate the interest saved versus the transfer fee. Also if you cant pay the balance off within a specified time, the 0% may be revoked. I prefer to pay off my card as quick as I can versus moving the bad debt to another account. The Cash Advance Fee is crap. I never get cash from my credit card. For others, in certain circumstances a cash advance may be rightly what you need, but the immense fees can drown you. After cash in hand from an ATM, one is responsible for the ATM fee (more crap), and a tacked on 10% charge or more of the amount you borrowed. When you pay back your credit card, they often credit your regular charges first and keep the cash advanced balances charged to you at the higher rate. To beat the crap: Know all the costs involved forthright. Do not pull the trigger with this advance unless you can quickly downsize the balance, or can borrow from you accounting teacher Blank check fees are crap. I know you receive those blank drafts from your credit card company in your mailbox. They actually do tempt me when I get the $2,500 blank check. The look so good, I detest them, so hear me clearly. Destroy them! This gimmick is not free. You are by and large charged a towering percentage based on the total check. To beat the crap: Refuse to use these checks unless youre prepared to cover the extra costs. Try a regular bank loan before you go this route. Always be your own accountant and watch all transactions. Remember to negotiate with the credit card company. It is more expensive for them to entice new customers, instead of writing off disputed fees and charges. We can beat the crap. Yes we can! I say again CRAP, in my humble opinion, is isolated as follows: C credit card fees R rebates A auto renewals P prepaid cards Lets transition to rebates. Rebates are crap. Manufacturers and stores make it incredibly complex to claim the refunds they I still have not got the refund from Jiffy Lube, after mailing the receipt, survey, and request form of to the semi-corporate office in Bangladesh. Now , another bargain was the ATT new phone rebate that I may get back in six months or so in the form or an ATT card! Just, consider this: The ATT ad says notes post sale rebate. First I had to pay the full price phone, complete a rebate form, and then wait months if lucky. In fact, manufacturers, offer an estimated $4 billion a year in rebates. The unknown is that millions, perhaps up to 40% of it are never paid. Some simply ignore the rebate claims to making it close to impossible to qualify. Several big names retailers have been admonished by Elizabeth Warrens new government watchdog agency. The credit companies still practice this crap. First they realize that many simply dont know how to claim the rebate. To weed out the others through disqualification there are institutional practices such as the crap below: Crap is when manufacturers may insist blue ink or block style letters must be used. Crap is when they maintain you circle the price on the receipt. Crap is when boxtop with scan code is required and you already tossed it in the garbage. Crap is when you dont submit claim on time because the small print says you had to submit your claim within seven days of purchase. Crap is when the rebate check they sent you must be deposited within three days. CRAP, in my humble opinion, is isolated as follows: C credit card fees R rebates A auto renewals P prepaid cards Lets explore auto renewals. Auto renewals are crap. It is a sneak tip clause in a contract imparts that the contract term will automatically renew, unless you give notice of intent to cancel. Most, often you dont know you are even victimized by an automatic billing renewal scam. You may get a free service like extra movie channels when you order cable. You think you have it for a specific time period, such as a year, but when the time period ends, the channel access stays on and you automatically get billed for another time period, because the cable company still has your bank information on record. When you try to resolve this crap, you discover it was easy to sign up for the service, but nearly impossible to cancel. AOL was notorious for its toll-free number to call and cancel and then -shocker! you cant get through. Now they are equal opportunity and just love to scam baby boomers who might be confused about what theyve ordered or whether they have renewed. To beat the crap, check before you sign up for something to make sure there is no automatic renewal. CRAP, in my humble opinion, is isolated as follows: C credit card fees R rebates A auto renewals P prepaid cards Lets end with a look at prepaid cards. Prepaid cards are crap. They overdose in lots of anonymous fees. Your inner accountant will be surprised when you find a dozen or so different kinds of fees. Reloadable prepaid cards akin to debit cards without a real brick and mortar bank. Often parents load cash onto them and students can use them on campus where plastic is accepted. The gimmick prepaid cards often with catchy names like the Rush Card tend to serve illegal immigrants or someone with bad credit. Areas, like low-income neighborhoods in North Charleston have a host of places to reload a prepaid card. Crap is activation fees. Just to activate a card you get a fee. Service fees and even for talking to a customer service representative in off-shore China. Other fees are less likely to be disclosed, to my surprise a fee may be charged when a purchase is declined. Now, that is truly adding insult to injury! To conclude, I covered four elements of crap in our lives. Other than these, there are many more. Consider the pennies the stores keep when they round off your change. Consider the change lost when you kid goes to the store for you. Consider the campaign contributions to the candidate you drops out and then endorses the other guy. I hope that upon reading this paper, you call on your inner accountant and recognize the crap. Once you recognize the crap you can adjust and realize true profit. I describe crap as unaccounted for money, but now this money can be accounted for by you and only you. Consider it a second chance, as if the British jumped in the harbor and got their tea back!

Bram Stokers Dracula :: Dracula Essays

Bram Stoker's Dracula         Ã‚  Ã‚   The setting of the story begins in 19th century Europe, in the eerie country of Transylvania.   A solicitor from England named Jonathan Harker is sent by a business man to meet with an old Count named Dracula at his castle located far from civilization.   Residents of Transylvania who become aware of his destination begin crossing themselves and giving him garlic and blessings.   As a result of these gestures, Mr. Harker soon develops an uneasy feeling about visiting the mysterious Count.   He arrives at Castle Dracula regardless, and makes his acquaintances with Dracula.   He soon realizes that the count is no normal human, but an evil, blood-sucking vampire, who can command animals and elements with the wave of his hand. Harker escapes but the Count has devised an intricate plan to move to London and exercise his evil forces on innocent people there.   However, a group of friends, including an open-minded but ingenious professor, a psychologist, an American, a rich man, as well as Jon an Harker and his wife Mina, learn of the Count's sinister plan and pledge to destroy him before he can create an army of un-dead vampires.   They systematically destroy his coffins with holy wafers and chase him out of England back to Castle Dracula.   There they carry out an ultimate plan to destroy Dracula.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Author uses suspense as a storytelling device rather effectively throughout the story.   There are a fair number of parts in which the reader is left suspended on the edge of   seat, eager to find out what is to happen next.   However, there were parts where suspense could be used in a manner that would enhance the gravity of the plot.   Nonetheless, The book is written in a unique way that allows suspense to be used easily and effectively built up.   Dracula is written in first person like many other novels but then it differs slightly.   The book starts off as a first person Journal of the first character describing his experiences.   But then it switches to someone else's journal, and then to letters between two characters, and later to a newspaper article.   It follows this pattern

How to Write Book Review

How to write a book review Perhaps the best way to offer guidelines on how to write a book review is to give you an example of the kind of instructions and guidelines we (i. e. the academic staff) would be given by journals who invite us to review books for them. So, here are the instructions given to authors by the ‘Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders’. â€Å"A book review should be an objective and tactful evaluation of a book. The review should offer logic and fact in support of its evaluations.Without being just an abstract of the book, the review should indicate the nature and scope of the book’s content. It should indicate the goals of the author, the techniques used to achieve those goals, and the success of those techniques. You may also discuss how the book relates to its field and how it compares to other books in the field. It is important for your review to discuss what audience the book or other media best serves and to state whether the re viewer recommends it.The review should attempt to place the book within a context (e. g. , Is this a new approach? One that builds on an earlier one? ). Reviews should attempt to convey a flavor of the book overall (i. e. , not just summarize the table of contents. Quotes (see below – AQ: are there examples to be provided? ) can often help in this process. If you feel that the book does not merit a review in the Journal please let us know – there is no requirement that we review every book received and it is perfectly acceptable to do a negative review! † †¦. nd here is an example of an actual review written by Dermot Bowler and published in the European Journal of Disorders of Communication (Volume 31, pp 210-213). Note, however, that this review is somewhat longer than your word-limit permits. SAMPLE REVIEW (reproduced with permission of the author): Review of Baron-Cohen, S. (1995). Mindblindness: An Essay on Autism and Theory of Mind. Cambridge, MA. : MI T Press. The integration of a range of theoretical perspectives to provide a coherent scientific account of a natural phenomenon is an easy task only for those who have never had to do it.In this volume, Simon Baron-Cohen has attempted such a difficult exercise by integrating currently fashionable modularist cognitive science accounts of the social dysfunction found in people with autism into neuropsychological and evolutionary frameworks. In the first three Chapters of the book, he aims to persuade us firstly that the explanation of the behaviour of other people using the mentalistic language of folk-psychology (John took his umbrella with him because he thought it might rain) is both highly efficient and evolutionarily advantageous to a species such as ourselves that relies heavily on social organisation for survival.In Chapter 4, he generates a model of development which can account for the emergence of the capacity to mindread in non-autistic children and, taking the well docume nted deficits in autism of lack of protodeclarative pointing, lack of symbolic play and the failure to understand that another person can act in accordance with a belief that the observer knows to be false, their failure to develop in children with autism. His account draws heavily on Fodor's (1983) notion that the mind is made up of independent domain-specific modules, the outputs of which interact to yield mental life and behaviour.He also develops earlier accounts such as that of Leslie and Roth (1993), which posit a specific modular mechanism that enables people to understand minds. Specifically, Baron-Cohen outlines four modular systems that are necessary for the process he calls ‘mindreading'. The first of these he terms an intentionality detector (ID) which is triggered by stimuli exhibiting self-propelled motion and computes desire- or goal-based dyadic representations. The second is the eye direction detector (EDD) which is fired by eye-like stimuli and generates repr esentations of the contents of agents' visual fields.Mechanism number three is called the shared attention mechanism (SAM) which takes input from IDD and ED to compute triadic representations of the kind ‘Daddy sees I see the cat at the window'. Finally, there is the theory of mind mechanism (ToMM), a term borrowed from Leslie's work, which takes inputs from SAM and knowledge of mental states and their consequences which can be used in a hypothetico-deductive way by someone possessing a full ‘theory of mind'.I n Chapters 4 and 5 of the book, Baron-Cohen marshals a considerable body of evidence in support of the existence of these modules and of their selective breakdown in autism. Briefly, he argues that ID and ED are functional in autism, although he acknowledges that there are still considerable gaps in the evidence. By contrast, SAM and ToMM are severely impaired. In Chapter 6, he draws together evidence from neuropsychological and neurological studies on humans and o ther species to attempt to localise these modular systems in the brain.In the final two Chapters, he develops the theme that the capacity to read minds depends crucially on the ability to decode information from the eyes of others, and returns to the theme that this capacity can best be understood within an evolutionary framework. As I said at the outset, Mindreading is a tour de force, in that it draws together evidence from a variety of fields with the aim of providing a coherent picture of the phenomenon of how homo sapiens can account for and predict the behaviour of her conspecifics by means of reference to hypothetical internal mental states.Baron-Cohen's account is worthy of our admiration not just because it describes the current state of scientific play, but also because it permits us to generate propositions which, when tested against data, will refine and improve our understanding. Nevertheless, admirable as this attempt at integration of a range of perspectives might be, a reviewer is duty bound to point out unstated assumptions, weaknesses in analysis, un-expressed counter-arguments and problems of interpretation in an author's exposition.To this end I will now try to clarify what I see as the three major areas of weakness in this book. The first concerns Baron-Cohen's overall modularist orientation. Although accounts of psychological functioning that see behaviour as caused by discrete mental processes that are self-contained, domain-specific, automatic, impenetrable to conscious analysis and localised in specific brain sites has a respectable history, it is not, as its originator, Jerry Fodor would have us believe, the only game in town.It is quite possible to argue that the relationship between the categories we use to analyse behaviour and categories of brain state may be more subtle and more complex than a simple one-to-one correspondence, and that localisation of function may be the result either of anatomical happenstance or may not be a se rious contender, given the global and integrated manner in which some neuroscientists think brains work. Readers who might be tempted to call a child ‘SAM-impaired' or ‘IDD-but-not-EDD-impaired should read Bates et al. s (1988) critique of modularism, as well as of what she termed in a 1993 talk ‘thing-in-a-box neurology', before forming such opinions. My second problem with the book concerns the way in which evidence is presented in support of the argument. Baron-Cohen draws on a wide range of evidence to support the four main planks in his argument; evolutionary, cognitive, neuropsychological/neurological and cultural. Evolutionary evidence is notoriously difficult to assess, since it inevitably has a post-hoc element to it.This is all the more true of the evolution of behavioural adaptations, since they do not leave fossil records that can allow us to detect non-advantageous changes that have died out. I am also worried by arguments that infer survival value and evolutionary success on the basis of the widespread use of a particular behaviour. Baron-Cohen attributes the survival of Homo Sapiens to the fact that we have developed mindreading skills. But many other organisms – from a-social HIV through bees to the social great apes – are evolutionarily successful without mindreading skills.Moreover, I am suspicious about evolutionary accounts that argue that increasingly complex social organisation in primates led to the development of mind-reading skills. This is as if the behaviours called forth by the survival demands of living in complex societies produced a gene that coded for a brain structure that made a particular social behaviour possible. In my view, there is a worrying circularity about all this, not to mention a whiff of Lamarckianism. On the cognitive front, there is undoubtedly an impressive amount of evidence that supports Baron-Cohen's case, evidence which he presents cogently and skilfully.Indeed, this is the s trongest and most closely-argued section of the book. However, there are worrying instances where counter-evidence is either glossed over (e. g. Ozonoff et al's, 1991 evidence on the possession of mindreading skills in high-functioning individuals with autism) or relegated to footnotes (Ozonoff et al's, 1991 failure to replicate Baron-Cohen et al's, 1986 picture sequencing task). There are other instances where evidence appears to be presented where none exists – for example in his discussion of non-autistic people's use of mental state terms when describing Heider and Simmel's (1944) cartoon sequence.At the time the book was written, no published data existed on the use of this instrument with people with autism (but see Bowler ;amp; Thommen, 1995), although a less than careful reading of this text might lead one to conclude that there had been. My third set of reservations centre on often inconsistent or imprecise use of terminology. For example, is it justifiable to speak of a module such as ID as ‘interpreting' stimuli, rather than just generating output when such stimuli are present and not when they are not?On pp126-127, the discussion slides from ‘psychopathology' to ‘neuropathology' without explanation. In this section also, I am certain that blind people would not welcome being labelled as having a psychopathology. Examples can also be found of references cited in the text but not in the reference list at the back. All these shortcomings suggest a hasty compilation of the volume. A little more time spent on reflection, exposition and the more technical aspects of production would have paid dividends here.Most of the reservations I have expressed so far all seem to stem from the most major problem of this book, namely its length, or rather the mis-match between its length and the aims the author has set himself. Baron-Cohen acknowledges that he faced a difficult task in trying to write for experts in biological and cognitive sc iences, students of psychology and the general reader. Trying to please this four-faceted audience is a difficult enough task; it is even more difficult when the debate has to be engaged at several levels of academic discourse. It is well-nigh impossible in an essay of about 120 pages of printed text.Its very length constrains the book to contain a little, albeit very important, knowledge. However, a little knowledge can be a very dangerous thing. Although I would recommend this book to anyone with a personal, scientific or clinical interest in autism, to avoid danger, I would also recommend that it be consumed with some complementary material. The best I can suggest is a paper by the author himself (Baron-Cohen, 1994), which is accompanied by several commentaries and a reply by the author that gives a better flavour of the subtleties of the field than does the volume under review here.

Margins in Essays and Reports - Definition and Guidelines

Margins in Essays and Reports - Definition and Guidelines The part of a page thats outside the main body of text  is a margin.  Word processors let us set margins so that theyre either aligned (justified) or ragged (unjustified). For most school or college writing assignments (including articles, essays, and reports), only the left-hand margin should be justified. (This glossary entry, for instance, is left justified only.) As a general rule, margins of at least one inch should appear on all four sides of a hard copy. The specific guidelines below have been drawn from the most commonly used style guides. Also, see: Block QuotationIndentationJustificationSpacing Etymology From the Latin, border Guidelines APA Guidelines on MarginsLeave uniform margins of at least 1 in. (2.54 cm) at the top, bottom, left, and right of every page. Combined with a uniform typeface and font size, uniform margins enhance readability and provide a consistent gauge for estimating article length.(Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. APA. 2010)MLA Guidelines on MarginsExcept for page numbers, leave margins  of one inch at the top and bottom and on both sides of the text. . . . If you lack 8 ½-by-11-inch paper and use a larger size, do not print the text in an area greater than 6 ½ by 9 inches. Indent the first word of a paragraph one-half inch from the left margin. Indent set-off quotations one inch from the left margin.(MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th ed. The Modern Language Association of America, 2009)Turabians Chicago-Style Guidelines on MarginsNearly all papers in the United States are produced on standard pages of 8 ½ x 11 inches. Leave a margin o f at least one inch on all four edges of the page. For a thesis or dissertation intended to be bound, you may need to leave a bigger margin on the left sideusually 1 ½ inches.Be sure that any material placed in headers or footers, including page numbers and other identifiers . . ., falls within the margins specified in your local guidelines.(Kate L. Turabian et al., A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers, 8th ed. University of Chicago Press, 2013) Guidelines on Margins in Business Letters and ReportsUse a 2-inch top margin for the first page of a business letter printed on letterhead stationery. Any second and succeeding pages of a business letter have 1-inch top margins. Use left justification.Select the side margins according to the number of words in the letter and the size of the font used to prepare the letter. Set the margins after keying the letter and using the word count feature of your word processing program. . . .Reports and manuscripts may be prepared with either 1.25-inch left and right margins or 1-inch left and right margins, depending upon the preference of the originator. If the report or manuscript is to be bound on the left, allow an additional 0.25 inch for the left margin.The first page of major parts (title page, table of contents, bibliography, etc.) and the opening page of sections or chapters require a 2-inch top margin, 2.25 inches for top-bound documents.(James L. Clark and Lyn R. Clark, How 10: A H andbook for Office Workers, 10th ed.  Thomson/South-Western, 2003) The New TypographyIn the New Typography margins often almost entirely disappear. Of course, type cannot in most cases be set right up to the edge of the paper, which would hinder legibility. In small items of printed matter, 12 to 24 points are the minimum margin required; in posters 48 points. On the other hand, borders of solid red or black can be taken right up to the edge, since unlike type they do not require a white margin to achieve their best effect.(Jan Tschichold, The Principles of the New Typography, in Texts on Type: Critical Writings on Typography, ed. by Steven Heller and Philip B. Meggs. Allworth Communications, 2001) Pronunciation: MAR-jen

Essay about portfolio of advertising

Essay about portfolio of advertising Essay about portfolio of advertising Portfolio of Advertising Project 1st of May 2013 Mountain Dew Advertising is such an important part of most industries today, it comes in many shapes, forms and presentations such as written on billboards, newspapers or magazines, on the internet, radio, television, etc. Regardless of the medium it is a vital way of the seller communicating with the buyer. It is important to find a way to promote softdrinks that pleases many, as a lot of people would rather not see it promoted at all. First we need to analyse the entire softdrinks industry and market as a whole using various marketing models, this will enable us to pick a right method of entering the market with our campaign referring to factors such as market changes, company strengths/weaknesses, who our most loyal and least loyal customers are, etc. for the product we can predict if the same campaign should be continued for that particular product or changed completely. It is vital that this report is easy to read through so that my ideas are pitched in the best way possible, we need to look at consumer trends and how they influence the market. Once we understand the market size and how it is segmented we can begin targeting specific consumer groups. We need to first find out how important each consumer group is and predict their actions in terms of trends. The 2012 BSDA soft drink report states that sports and energy drinks are one of the fastest growing uk drinks, This is due to a hectic british lifestyle and a difficult economic environment where harder work is required. In 2010 they were mainly promoted as healthy sport drinks, but the drinks that were made solely for a quick energy boost gained popularity. The market leaders are without a doubt Cocacola and Britvic, These two multinational corporations have been permanently holding position 1 and 2 across the board. Both Coca-Cola and Pepsi dominate the industry with their brand loyalty, strategic advertising and the neverending demand for their products Their current biggest advantage is the loyalty their customers have for them, seeing as their products were around and probably even being consumed by most of the market since an early age, they have a wide variety of carbonated drinks, but that doesn’t mean they aren’t expanding and making new customers besides their already extensive regular customer base. Another thing they have in common is their name is everywhere through various forms of strategic advertising, both britvic’s pepsi and coca cola’s coke like to make use of Celebrity endorsement, this is when an influential famous person promotes the product. This works really well when the person has a huge following, because a majority of their fans want to be like them and use the products they use. A good example is Beyonce and pepsi and duffy and coke light It is effective because people feel special when they think they are using the same product as a certain celebrity is using. I want to use this technique for mountain Dew, but considering how it is one of the cooler more relatable brands out there for young people, it cant be too serious. Instead of getting a well-respected popular artist, I would get someone that is more of a comical character but is still being looked up to by today’s youth. The campaign that was recently started with the rap artist ‘Tyler the creator’ is not bad, but it is a bit too offensive, sure it being cancelled from air got a more publicity than the ad itself and there is no bad publicity, but I want to give young people the feeling that they are not being forcefed our product, But instead genuinely interest them by incorporating mountain into something they already watch. The two main things I mean by this are the meme’s and the youtube videos. Coca-Cola’s partnership with the London 2012 Summer Olympics, and its year-long promotion of the same in 2011, boosted sales of the company’s brands. While Britvic made

Functions of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Functions of Management - Essay Example An example of planning function occurs when the retailer wants to expand its operations to new markets. Organizing function involves controlling the overall operations in the organization. This includes assigning of tasks, and delegating authority and responsibility to some employees (Fox, 2009). In Wal-Mart, this function is common when the retailer wants to relieve the top management some tasks in order for it to deal with external issues. Staffing is a function that involves the recruitment of the subordinates. This function ensures that the right people are hired for the job (Fox, 2009). In addition, in Wal-Mart, the process encompasses training, promoting best employees, and transferring them to different departments and subsidiaries. Controlling is a function that ensures that all operations are ongoing without any hitches. It is an important function that identifies problems and setting new standards of performance (Fox, 2009). In Wal-Mart, this function involves auditing and using performance appraisal to identify any issue that might affect the performance of the

War of 1812 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

War of 1812 - Term Paper Example Yet the availability of the military accounts could contribute to the writings of the domestic history of the war. Hickey argued that America lost the war because â€Å"it had initiated the contest and yet had not achieved the aims for which it was fighting† (743). Indeed Hickey’s point is that the primary targets of the war were not achieved. Hickey suggests that the Napoleonic view of the war is flawed within itself, as John Elting committed the mistake by viewing the war from a Napoleonic perspective. Hickey draws a good deal of references to the Canadian authors on the War of 1812. For most of the Canadian authors, Canada won the war, as it established the country as a strong nation. Among the authors that Hickey describes in his essay, Gerard Atloff’s work is important because it deals with the neglected role of the African American in the War. In another paragraph, Hickey deals with the authors who focused on a good deals of topics such as the men and offic ers of the armies in the war, the Old Northwest, the Niagara Frontiers, the St. Lawrence and Lake Champlain Front, the Chesapeake Bay, the Southwest and Gulf Coast, The Indians, The War at Sea, etc. Hickey argues that though these topics seem to render a vivid picture of the war in 1812, there are still some missing parts of the war that need to be dealt with, as he says, â€Å"Does this renaissance mean that we can drop the label ‘forgotten conflict’? .....Moreover, virtually all the new work has been confined to the wars military history; the domestic history and the diplomatic history have been largely ignored† (764). In the article â€Å"William Henry Harrison in the War of 1812†, Beverley W. Bond primarily deals the difficulties Harrison faced during the war and his military skills. Meanwhile he has tried to assess the true place of Harrison in the war. According to him,